Crawford County, Indiana

Crawford County, Indiana
Indiana Prevention Resource Center GIS in Prevention County Profiles Series, No. 4 Crawford County, Indiana Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP, Project Director The Indiana Prevention Resource Center at Indiana University is funded, in part, by a contract with the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, financially supported through HHS/Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant. The IPRC is operated by the Department of Applied Health Science and The School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation.

GIS in Prevention County Profile Series, No. 4
Crawford County, Indiana Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP Project Director Project Staff: Ritika Bhawal, MPH Ryan Chopra, MPH Kyoungsun Heo, MPA Tuba M. Pervin Altay, MPH Indiana Prevention Resource Center Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the Trustees of Indiana University or the Division of Mental Health and Addiction. Indiana University accepts full Responsibility for the content of this publication. ©2005 The Trustees of Indiana University. Permission is extended to reproduce this County Profile for non-profit educational purposes. All other rights reserved.

Crawford County Map The maps and tables in this publication were prepared using PCensus for MapInfo and MapInfo Professional.

6.16 - 6.26 Archival Risk Factors
Community Risk Factors: Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.16 Unemployment 6.17 Free Lunch/Textbooks 6.18 Food Stamp Recipients 6.19 TANF 6.20 Adults w/o HS Diploma 6.21 Single Parent Family Households Poverty: Introduction 6.22 Total Poverty and by Age 6.23 Families with Own Children in Poverty 6.24 Poverty by Race 6.25 Single Parent Families in Poverty 6.26 Lack of Health Insurance

6.16 Unemployment Rates Extreme deprivation, either due lack of sufficient funds for basic necessities or due to lack of sufficient social support (e.g., parenting, mentoring and role modeling) has known detrimental implications for child development and creates a high risk environment for the community. This section will explore data related to various forms of extreme deprivation in the county. The archival indicators included by CSAP for this risk factor include unemployment, free and reduced school lunch, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Food Stamp recipients, adults without a high school diploma, and single parent households. To these variables, PREV-STAT adds total poverty statistics, child poverty by age group, and single-parent families living in poverty, and lack of health insurance coverage. Unemployment rates from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Unemployment Rates - Annual (Percents) Crawford Indiana U.S. 2000 4.6(q) 2.9 4 2001 5.4(t) 4.2 4.7 2002 6.9(t) 5.2 5.8 2003 6.6(t) 5.3 6 2004 5.5 2005 7.6(d) 5.4 5.1 Table 6.16: Unemployment Rates, January of 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005 from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for county and Indiana reported by

6.17 Free/Reduced Lunch/Textbooks
The following table shows the percent of students in grades K-12 who received free lunch and textbooks, according to the Department of Education, and also the change over the past 2 years, for this county and for the state. Table 6.17: Percent of Children Eligible for Free Lunches/Textbooks, K-12, 2004 and 2005 (*Department of Education, Division of School and Community Nutrition Programs, 2006), and the Change from 2004 to 2005 (IPRC). Free Lunch/Textbook (DOE) Crawford Indiana 2005 37.1 26.1 2004 37.8 % Change -0.7 Rank for 2005 3

6.18 Food Stamp Recipients CSAP calculates this as the average number of persons who receive food stamps each month, stated as the rate per 1,000 persons in the total population. This statistic for Indiana comes from Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Family Resources Bureau. The rate calculation comes from the Indiana Prevention Resource Center. The following table shows the rate for this county with comparisons for the state and nation. Table 6.18: Food Stamp Recipients per Month in 2005 (FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2007) and Rate per 1,000 Total Population for 2004 and 2005 and Change in Rate (calculations from the IPRC based on data from FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2005 and 2006). Population figure from AGS, 2005 est., 2006. Food Stamps, 2005 (FSSA, Family Resources Bureau, 2007) Crawford Indiana Population, 2005 11,365 6,270,352 Food Stamp Recipients per mo., 2005 1,233 550,416 Rate per 1000 persons, 2004 108.5 87.8 Rate per 1000 persons, 2005 109.0 82.9 Change in Rate per 1,000 from 2004 to 2005 -0.5 4.9 Rank for 2005 Rate per 1,000 Persons 16 n/a

6.19 Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF)
CSAP calculates this indicator as the rate of persons of all ages who participate in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (TANF in Indiana), stating the rate as the number per 1,000 persons. This table shows the average monthly average statistics for families and for recipients from the county and for Indiana as reported by the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Division of Family and Children. PREV-STAT has calculated the rate of TANF recipients per month per 1000 residents of the county. Table 6.19: Temporary Aid to Needy Families as Rate per 1,000 Total Population (*data from FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2006) TANF Statistics for 2004 (FSSA) Crawford Indiana Population 11262 6,230,346 Average Monthly Cases 82 54,330 Average Monthly Persons 220 155,549 Rate of TANF per 1,000 persons 19.5 25.0 Rank for Rate per 1,000 persons 24

6.20 Adults w/out a High School Diploma
Lack of education places a person at extreme disadvantage in many areas of life, including health and income potential. CSAP calculates this risk factor as the percent of persons aged 25 and older who have reached 9th-12th grades but without obtaining a high school diploma. The following table presents 3 statistics for persons over 25 in the county: the percent who have not completed 9th grade; the percent who attended high school but did not graduate; and the percent whose educational attainment is less than a high school diploma (the sum of the first 2 statistics), compared with the state and the nation. This information points to need and also is important to prevention planning for marketing and for activities involving parents and other adults. Table 6.20: Adults Who Have Not Finished High School (AGS, est., 2006) Educational Attainment, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005) Crawford Co. Indiana U.S. Less than 9th grade 12.2 5.3 7.6 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 17.4 12.6 12 Total, Less Than 9th or less than HS Diploma 29.7 17.8 19.6

Map: Education Less Than 9th Grade
Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Core Demographics, 2005 est., 2006

Map: Education Less Than 9th Grade
AGS, Core Demographics, 2005 est., 2006 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

Map: Education: Less Than HS Diploma

6.21 Single Parent Family Households
CSAP calculates this risk factor as the percent of family households with a spouse absent. The following table reports the percent of households with children where one parent is absent. Table 6.21: Single Parent Families (AGS, 2005 est., 2006) Types of Households w/ Children and Median Family Income, 2005 est. (AGS, 2006) County Crawford Indiana U.S. Lone Parent Male (percent) 8.2 6.9 6.8 Lone Parent Female (Percent) 19.7 21.8 23.2 Single Parent Families (M+F) % 27.9 0.2 In addition to the above risk factors listed by CSAP, PREV-STAT includes additional basic demographic statistics on total poverty, child poverty and poverty by age group, single parent families living in poverty, lack of health insurance, and households with no vehicle.

Map: Single Parent Families

Map: Single Parent Families (contour)

Map: Single Parent Families (prism)

Map: Single Moms with Children under 18

Map: Single Moms (contour)

Map: Single Moms (prism)

6. 22 Community Risk Factor -- Poverty
Poverty can be calculated based on the total population or subsets of the population. It can be expressed as a count of persons or as a percent of persons. The poverty statistics presented in this report come from the U.S. Census Bureau and from Claritas Core Demographics. Looking at the total population of persons living in a place, the poverty rate can be expressed as the number or count of persons living in poverty or as the percent of the total population in poverty. For example, in Indiana, as of the 2000 census, there were 559,484 persons living in poverty or 9% percent of the total population. This means that 9 of every 100 persons living in Indiana lived in poverty. By age, 2 of every 100 Indiana children ages 6-17 in the year 2000 lived in poverty, hence 2%. Looking at the population of persons who lived in poverty (that 9% of the total population), it can be very useful to know their ages. If we consider all persons living in poverty in Indiana as a group, we learned from the 2000 Census that of that group 11% were between the ages of 0 and 4 years, 2% were 5 years old, 11% were 6-11, and 9% were years old. This description of poverty risk factors will report on total poverty and poverty by age group, on poverty and child poverty as percent of all persons living in poverty, poverty by race, and on single parent families in poverty.

Poverty Thresholds, 2005 Source: accessed 5/1/2007

6.22a Total Poverty and Poverty by Age
The following table shows an overview of total poverty and poverty by age of the total population of the county with comparisons to the state of Indiana and the nation. Poverty: Total Poverty and by Age (%), US Census Bureau, 2004 est., 2006 Crawford Indiana United States Total Persons (%) 14.3 11.1 12.7 0-17 yrs. 22.3 15.7 17.8 5-17 Yrs. 20.1 13.6 16.2 Rank for All Persons 5 31 of 51 Rank for Ages 0-17 2 29 of 51 Rank for Ages 5-17 1 Table 6.22a: Total Poverty and Poverty by Age as Percent, (U.S. Census Bureau, on Stats Indiana website, 2006)

6.22b Total Poverty and Poverty by Age
The following table shows child poverty for children ages 0-17 as number (of children in poverty) and percent (of children in poverty) for this county. Child Poverty, Ages 0-17, US Census Bureau, 2004 est., 2006 Crawford Indiana United States Poverty Estimate Under Age 18 612 250,998 13,041,492 Rank for Number 75 15 of 51 90% CI Lower Bound 442 224,853 12,694,086 90% CI Upper Bound 781 277,143 13,388,898 Poverty Percent Under Age 18 22.3 15.7 17.8 Rank for Percent 2 29 of 51 16.1 14.1 17.3 28.5 17.4 18.3 Table 6.22b: Children Ages 0-17 in Poverty as Number and Percent, 2004 (U.S. Census Bureau, on Stats Indiana website, 2006)

6.22c Total Poverty and Poverty by Age
The following table shows child poverty for children ages 5-17 as number (of children in poverty) and percent (of children in poverty) for this county. Child Poverty, Ages 5-17, US Census Bureau, 2004 est., 2006 Crawford Indiana United States Poverty Estimate Ages 5-17 407 155,506 8,430,886 Rank for Number 74 16 of 51 90% CI Lower Bound 275 132,326 8,142,299 90% CI Upper Bound 539 178,686 8,719,473 Poverty Percent Ages 5-17 20.1 13.6 16.2 Rank for Percent 1 29 of 51 11.6 15.6 26.7 15.7 16.7 Table 6.22c: Children Ages 5-17 in Poverty as Number and Percent, 2004 (U.S. Census Bureau, on Stats Indiana website, 2006)

6.23 Families w/ Own Children in Poverty
The following table of 2004 estimates presents various statistics concerning families with own children that live in poverty: percent of families with own children that live in poverty, percent of married couple families, percent of single fathers, percent of single mothers, and percent of single parents for this county and for the state. Families in Poverty as Percent, 2005 est. (Claritas, 2006) Crawford Indiana U.S. Percent of All Families Below Poverty As Percent of All Families 11.2 7.1 9.3 Percent of Families w/ Own Children Below Poverty Level As Percent of All Families w/ Own Children 18.7 10.6 13.7 Percent of Married Couples w/ Own Children Below Poverty 9 3.8 6.4 Percent of Single Fathers w/ Own Children Below Poverty 30.7 19.1 20.8 Percent of Single Mothers w/ Own Children Below Poverty 52.1 30.5 33.9 Percent of Single Parents w/ Own Children < 18 Below Poverty 45.6 27.7 30.9 Table 6.23a: Families with Own Children in Poverty (Claritas 2005 est., 2006)

6.23 Families w/ Own Children in Poverty
The following table presents various statistics concerning families with own children that live in poverty: percent of families with own children that live in poverty, percent of married couple families, percent of single fathers, percent of single mothers, and percent of single parents for this county and for the state. Table 6.23b: Rankings for Families with Own Children in Poverty (Claritas 2005 Core, 2006)

Map: Families with Children in Poverty
No. of Families w/ Children under 18 as Percent of All Families with Children under 18 Indiana Prevention Resource Center Claritas™, Core Demographics, 2005 est., 2006

6.24 Poverty by Race In the effort to understand the dynamics a community, its needs and how best to design and carry-out prevention programs to meet those needs, it is helpful to analyze data by many different variables. Poverty is an example of how this principle applies. Rates of poverty differ not only between age groups but also in conjunction with other variables, such as race/ethnicity and marital and parenting status. PREV-STAT can help the prevention professional look at such combinations of variables to identify an area of need or to better understand a target audience. First we report on poverty and race, secondly on marital status, parent status and poverty (single parents in poverty). Poverty Statistics by Race (Percent of Group in Poverty), 2000 Crawford Co. Indiana U.S. Black --% 23% 25% Asian 0% 16% 13% Hispanic/Latino 7% 18% White 17% 8% 9% Table 6.24: Poverty by Race, 2000 (U.S. Census 2K, SF3 Indiana)

6.24 Poverty by Race in the U.S.
Source: accessed 5/1/2007

6.25 Single Parent Families w/ Children in Poverty
The following table shows the various types of households with children under 18 living in poverty with comparisons to the state and the nation. Table 6.25: Single Parent Families as Percent of All Persons in Poverty (Claritas™, 2005 est., 2006) Families in Poverty as Percent, 2005 est. (Claritas, 2006) Crawford Indiana U.S. Percent of Single Fathers w/ Own Children Below Poverty 30.7 19.1 20.8 Percent of Single Mothers w/ Own Children Below Poverty 52.1 30.5 33.9 Percent of Single Parents w/ Own Children < 18 Below Poverty 45.6 27.7 30.9

6.25 Single Parent Families w/ Children in Poverty
The following table shows the various types of households with children under 18 living in poverty with comparisons to the state and the nation. Table 6.25: Rankings for Single Parent Families as Percent of All Persons in Poverty (Claritas™, 2005 est., 2006) RANKINGS, Single Parent Families in Poverty as Percent, 2005 est. (Claritas, 2006) Crawford Co in IN IN in US RANK, % Single Dad w child below poverty 8 33 RANK, % Single Moms w ch in Pov 1 37 RANK, % Single Parents w ch in Pov 35

Map: Single Moms w/ Children under 18 in Poverty
Indiana Prevention Resource Center Claritas™, Core Demographics, 2005 est., 2006

6.26 Lack of Health Insurance
We consider lack of health insurance to be a form of extreme deprivation. Research has shown that two of the strongest indicators of self-reported health status and routine preventative care are having a consistent source of medical care and having health insurance. Where either is absent there is a higher risk of health problems and particularly of not receiving preventative care. Lack of health insurance is often associated with lack of employment or underemployment, poverty, being in transition, and/or undocumented immigrant status. The following table shows rates of health insurance coverage for this county, compared with Indiana and the nation. Percent of Persons 18 and over with No Health Insurance, 2005, est. (AGS, 2006) Crawford Indiana U.S. Current Year Population 18 years and over 8620 4,676,573 233,030,794 Have any medical insurance 6000 3,370,700 156,002,300 No Health Insurance 2620 1,305,873 77,028,494 Percent of Pop 18 and over with No Health Insurance 30.4% 27.9% 33.1% Rank for No Health Insurance 5 37th of 51 Table 6.26: Insurance Coverage, 2005 (MRI, Consumer Behavior Insurance 2005, 2006)

Map: No Health Insurance
Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Consumer Behavior, Insurance 2005 est., 2006

Map: Health Insurance from Union or Work
Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Consumer Behavior, Insurance 2005 est., 2006

Additional Background on Health Insurance
Overview The number of people with health insurance coverage rose from million in 2002 to million in Nonetheless, the percentage with coverage dropped from 84.8 percent to 84.4 percent, mirroring a drop in the percentage of people covered by employment-based health insurance (61.3 percent in 2002 to 60.4 percent in 2003). This decline in employment-based health insurance coverage essentially explains the drop in total private health insurance coverage, from 69.6 percent in 2002 to 68.6 percent in 2003. The percentage of people covered by government health insurance programs rose in 2003, from 25.7 percent to 26.6 percent, largely as the result of increases in Medicaid and Medicare coverage. Medicaid coverage rose 0.7 percentage points to 12.4 percent in 2003, and Medicare coverage increased 0.2 percentage points to 13.7 percent. The proportion of uninsured children did not change in 2003, remaining at 11.4 percent of all children, or 8.4 million. Source: U.S. Census Bureau web site: accessed 5/1/2007

Additional Background on Health Insurance, cont.
Race and Hispanic Origin The uninsured rate did not change for blacks (about 19.5 percent) or Asians (about 18.7 percent) between 2002 and (The health insurance coverage rates of blacks and Asians were not different in 2003.) Non-Hispanics who reported white as their only race saw their uninsured rate increase from 10.7 percent to 11.1 percent. The uninsured rate for Hispanics, who may be of any race, was 32.7 percent in 2003 — unchanged from 2002. Based on a three-year average ( ), 27.5 percent of people who reported American Indian and Alaska native as their only race were without coverage, lower than the uninsured rate for Hispanics (32.8 percent) but higher than that of the other race groups. Comparisons of two-year moving averages ( and ) showed that the uninsured rate for American Indians and Alaska natives did not change. Source: accessed 5/1/2007

Additional Background on Health Insurance, cont.
Regions The South was the only region to show an increase in its uninsured rate in 2003, up from 17.5 percent in 2002 to 18.0 percent. The health insurance coverage rates of people in the South and in the West (17.6 percent) were not different in The percentages for the Northeast and Midwest were 12.9 percent and 12.0 percent, respectively. Methodology The estimates in the income, poverty and health insurance report are based on the 2002, 2003 and 2004 Annual Social and Economic Supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS ASEC), which is conducted in February, March and April at about 100,000 addresses nationwide. The CPS is a labor force survey conducted monthly by the Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics using Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI). The American Community Survey (ACS) is an integral part of the plan to redesign the decennial census and will replace the “long form.” During the testing program, the ACS has been collecting data from a sample of about 800,000 addresses per year. These estimates are collected on a rolling basis every month. The ACS uses the Census 2000 self-response mail-out/mail-back methodology, followed by CATI, followed by CAPI. Estimates from the CPS ASEC may not match the estimates from the ACS because of differences in the questionnaires, data collection methodology, reference period, processing procedures, etc. As both are surveys, they are subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. All comparisons made in the report have been tested and found to be statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level, unless otherwise noted. For additional information on the CPS data, visit < For additional information on ACS data, visit < Source: accessed 5/1/2007

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