1. By Andrew Morris, Will Snider, and Dillon Stern
Melting Mountains Are retreating equatorial East African glaciers indicative of larger global warming trends? What are the effects of this retreat?
By Andrew Morris, Will Snider, and Dillon Stern

2. Introduction Statement of Objectives Methodology
Global warming? Long-term climate change?
Methodology
Air temperature vs. precipitation

3. Evidence Maps of ice extent atop Kibo in 1912, 1953, 1976, 2000
12km2 --> 2.6km2
80% decrease
Hasenrath et al, 1997

4. Causes - Air Temperature
Using lake levels to rule out significance of precipitation

5. Causes - Air Temperature (cont’d)
Ice core samples from Kilimanjaro
Dust levels proxy for precipitation
Historically, the glaciers survived a 300-year drought

6. Causes - Precipitation
Precipitation is particularly important because snowfall governs energy exchanges on the flat, dark volcanic sand adjacent to the vertical ice walls (Hardy, 2007). These vertical walls accounts for much of the continuous decrease in areal extent of the glaciers
A minimum monthly snowfall of ~10cm is needed to prevent glacial melting
Hardy, 2007

7. Impact
Water
No significant effect on water supply
Tourism?

8. Conclusion
No clear evidence that East African glacial recession is evidence of global warming
Future research