1. Pacific food security challenges, historical context of CBNRM/CEAFM, and the stock-take of CBNRM/CEAFM
Moses J Amos, FAME, SPC

2. Presentation Overview
Background
Coastal fisheries management
Why ineffective
Challenges
Conclusion

3. Background – Coastal Fisheries
Multi-species shallow water fisheries –
Finfish,
Invertebrates ,and
Others (seaweeds, live rock)
Multi-gear - gleaning, spear fishing, trapping, gillnetting, hook/line dropline fishing, and trolling
Multi-fishing methods - walking, wading, swimming, and fishing from non-motorised and motorised vessels.
Multi-stocks throughout the region

4. Coastal fisheries management
Unlike the industrial tuna fishery, there is no regional approach to coastal fisheries management.
Considered the responsibility of each PICT.
Various management techniques have been used by PICTs:
Informal
Formal

5. Informal Coastal Fisheries Management systems
CMT
CBNRM
Ridge to Reef
CEAFM
Co-M
CMMA
TPA
CBFM

6. Formal Coastal Fisheries Management systemsSL GR AC MR
MPA
BAN SH
TAC LE

7. Combination of Informal and Formal Management Measures
Failed Management of Coastal Fisheries

8. Coastal fisheries management
Ineffective coastal fisheries management is a real tragedy for the Pacific region.
Failure of the management techniques has resulted in closing down of fisheries to prevent collapse of the resource.
Such moratoriums have devastating impacts on coastal communities.

9. For Example ……State of Export Sea Cucumber Fisheries
Marshall Is.
New SC regs
Palau
Closed
Kiribati
FSM
Kiribati
Needs MGT
Needs MGT
Papua New Guinea
Tokelau
Kiribati
Closed
Tuvalu
Closed
Solomon Is.
Closed
Closed
Samoa
Wallis &
Futuna
Vanuatu
French Polynesia
Un-fished
Closed
Managed
Needs MGT
Cook Is.
New Caledonia
Niue
Fiji Is.
Un-fished
Un-fished
Managed
Needs MGT
Tonga
Needs MGT

10. Coastal fisheries management
Fully exploited or in over fished state.
Production will not expand in future.
Production will decline and the situation will become worse in the future.

11. Why - ineffective coastal fisheries management?
Much of the ineffectiveness of coastal fisheries resource management is attributed to:
Lack of/outdated coastal fisheries management policy/plans/regulations
Lack of monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS) measures
Limited cooperation between regional agencies and NGOs

12. Why - ineffective coastal fisheries management?
Inadequate skilled officers in coastal fisheries
Focus on increasing production and not on reducing fishing effort
Limited empowerment of coastal communities
Limited political will and support

13. Challenges _ Livelihoods
Fundamental importance in PICTs
Very important for local incomes - provides around 50% of coastal households with 1st or 2nd source of income.

14. Challenges - Patterns of Economic Development
Likely that economies of most Pacific Island Countries will not be in very good shape
Many people without jobs will seek income and food security from harvesting of coastal fisheries
Willingness to compromise tomorrow’s sustainability for today’s food security and income

15. Challenges _ Food security
Coastal fisheries provides 50% - 90% of protein intake for coastal communities

16. How much coastal fish do we eat?
Food Security
How much coastal fish do we eat? 39 96 79
115
>150 53
146
118 94 79 61 30
113 50 43 56 85

17. Challenges – Food security

18. Challenges – Food security

19. Challenges – Food security
Assume a whole snapper:
25-30 cm or around 250g
Plate size fish
Fish gap within 15 years
100,000 t
Melanesia ,000,000 pieces
Micronesia 40,000,000 pieces
Polynesia ,000,000 pieces
10,000 t
5,000 t

20. WHERE WILL THE EXTRA FISH COME FROM????
Sustainable management of wild fisheries, or
Catch of industrial tuna fisheries, or
small scale tuna fishing around FADs, or
Small pelagics, or
Aquaculture/mariculture, or
All of the above

21. Some Conclusions
Coastal fisheries resources will not be able to meet demand from growing populations.
Effective management is needed to sustain coastal fisheries production at optimum levels.
Alternative sources of fish for food include catch of industrial tuna fisheries, small scale tuna fishing around FADs, aquaculture, and small pelagics.

22. Thank you Merci beaucoup
Any Questions