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Surgery module – general principles

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Presentation on theme: "Surgery module – general principles"— Presentation transcript:

1 Surgery module – general principles
Adapted from “Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals”, NRC. NDSU-IACUC

2 Presurgical planning Input from surgery team members
Identify personnel, roles, training needs, equipment and supplies Location and nature of facilities Preoperative health assessment and postoperative care NDSU-IACUC

3 Surgical procedures Major Minor
Penetrates and exposes a body cavity or produces substantial impairment of physical or physiologic functions Laparotomy, thoracotamy, craniotomy Minor Does not expose a body cavity or cause physical impairment Wound suturing, peripheral vessel cannulation, castration, dehorning, prolapse repair NDSU-IACUC

4 Surgical procedures Minor procedures still require aseptic technique, instruments and appropriate anesthesia Nonsurvival surgery Animal euthanatized before recovery At a minimum clip the surgical site, wear gloves, and clean instruments and surrounding area NDSU-IACUC

5 Sterilization methods
Autoclaving Gas sterilization Liquid chemical sterilants need adequate contact times Rinse instruments with sterile water or saline before use Alcohol is neither a sterilant or a high-level disinfectant NDSU-IACUC

6 Good surgical technique
Asepsis Gentle tissue handling Minimal dissection of tissue Appropriate use of instruments Effective hemostasis Correct suture material and patterns Knowledge of species anatomy and physiology NDSU-IACUC

7 Aseptic technique Reduce microbial contamination to lowest possible practical level Input and cooperation of all in surgery setting Preparation of patient, hair removal, disinfection of operative site, preparation of surgeon, surgical scrub, surgical gloves, sterilization of equipment and supplies, and use of techniques which reduce likelihood of infection NDSU-IACUC

8 Patient evaluation Identification Health status Heart rate
Respiratory rate Body temperature Mucous membrane color Hydration status NDSU-IACUC

9 Preoperative procedures
Withhold food for 8 to 12 hours prior to surgery Atropine 30 minutes before procedure reduce vagal tone and anesthetic induced secretions Open airway Bland ophthalmic ointment on cornea May need preanesthetic tranquilizer Acepromazine, xylazine Warm surgical area (30-35o C) Hot water pad, hot water bottle, incandescent lamp NDSU-IACUC

10 Anesthesia Specific tranquilizers, anesthetics, analgesics, and protocols will be decided upon by the Primary Investigator with consultation by the Attending Veterinarian NDSU-IACUC

11 Anesthesia Inhalant anesthetics Injectable anesthetics
Face mask, nose cone, covered chamber Injectable anesthetics Intraperitoneal Aspirate back on syringe to insure an organ has not been hit Intravascular Intramuscular Subcutaneous Anesthetic machines NDSU-IACUC

12 Anesthesia Intubation Endotracheal tube Lubrication Stylet
Laryngoscope May need topical anesthetic to prevent laryngospasm (spasm of the larynx) Secure tube NDSU-IACUC

13 Depth of anesthesia Increased depth of respiration
Slowed respiratory rate Relaxation of jaw and abdominal musculature Mucous membrane color Slowed nictitating membrane reflex NDSU-IACUC

14 Anesthetic overdose Diaphragmatic breathing Gasping
Loss of pupillary reflex Loss of corneal reflex Cyanosis Protrusion of eyeball NDSU-IACUC

15 Surgical monitoring Check anesthetic depth Check physiologic function
Heartbeat, respiration Assessment of clinical signs Ocular reflexes Maintenance of body temperature Blanket Heating pad Monitor for body burns NDSU-IACUC

16 Post surgical care – before anesthetic recovery
Observation of the animal; Intervention as necessary Turning of body every 30 minutes to prevent congestion of tissues Clean, dry area Attention to thermoregulatory, cardiovascular and respiratory function Attention to postoperative pain and discomfort Possible administration of fluids, analgesics or other drugs Care of surgical sites Record keeping NDSU-IACUC

17 Post surgical care – after anesthetic recovery
Attention to basic biologic functions Intake and elimination Behavior signs of pain Monitor for post surgical infections Monitor surgical site Bandage as appropriate Timely removal of sutures, clips, staples NDSU-IACUC

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