1. The Neutrino Oscillation Industry
n Sources
Solar n (made by nuclear fusion in the sun)
Atmospheric n
Accelerator n
Supernova n
Cosmological remnant n
Reactor n
Energetic Astrophysical Systems

2. SNO
Water around Heavy Water (D2O)
Acrylic Vessel

3. MINOS
A neutrino beam from
Illinois to Minnesota

4. Outline Neutrino History n Oscillations World Tour of n Experiments
Solar n
Atmospheric n
Long-Baseline Accelerator n
Nu opportunities
Superbeams/ n factories

5. Testing Oscillations
In the design of any neutrino oscillation experiment, you want to measure something (x) which will be different if oscillations exist;
e.g. Nevent , R=NC/CC, Nkink
In general, x = x(q,Dm2)
often x~ x(Pn1n2)

6. What SNO tells us

7. nt interaction discovery
DONUT - Fermilab beam dump experiment published 2000
nt expected from Ds tnt decay
203 n events in photographic emulsion
See 4 events, expect  1.4
Background from charm & hadrons
0.41  0.15

8. Atmospheric n‘s

9. The truth about n’s What we know: What we want to know q23~45o;
Dm223~ eV2
q12 & Dm223 SMA, LMA, LOW or just-so
sin2q13 < 0.05
What we want to know
Dm223 better
Which solar solution?
See oscillations
See t’s
see q13 or limit to 10-3
CP violation
Matter effects
Sign of Dm223

10. Definitions of “Long-Baseline”
How Long is Long?
Definitions of “Long-Baseline”
(my use is for accelerator based experiments)
Webster - (long - measuring much, or more than usual, from end-to-end in space or time)
Practical - Off site
Useful (Beam) - The distance from the n source to the detector is much greater than the length of the decay pipe.
Useful (Physics) - L >> En/Dm2

11. Advertisement
Free monthly neutrino rumor newsletter --~100 lines, send “subscribe” to or see
Neutrino Oscillation Industry Web Page

12. Future n spectra

13. Superbeams need $ on powerful proton drivers (0.5-4MW)
e.g. BNL to Homestake (SD) or WIPP (New Mexico)
JHF to Super-Kamiokande
Fermilab to Soudan/Homestake/WIPP
more protons yield more n’s
challenges: target cooling; ground water radiation; accelerator and power costs; ne backgrounds
reach in sin22q ~ 10-3

14. n factory

15. Conclusion
The n world is one in which there has been much recent progress (n mass; mixing).
New insights are expected soon (KamLAND, Borexino, K2K, MINOS)
Another round of experiments at “superbeams” and n factories will tell us more.