1. Before we start: A quick check…
Are you wearing your lanyards?
Mobile phones away please

2. Unit 1 and Unit 2 Mock exams
Monday 19th Feb and Tuesday 20th Feb
(This is after half term 12th – 18th Feb)
Unit 1 and Unit 2 Mock exams

3. Monday 21st May – Am (9.30)
Friday 25th May – PM (2.00)
Exam dates

4. A refresher of the class rules
Mobiles phones need to be put away. No texting in lesson
Using phone in lesson will result in a stage 1 concern.
A refresher of the class rules

5. We recapped inequality and looked at status, prestige, elite and privilege1
We looked at power and control. We considered two theories of inequality. What were they? 2
Last lesson recap

6. Key words: write a definition
Define ‘elites’
Define privilege?
Who are the aristocracy?
Who are the ruling class?
Key words: write a definition

7. Key words from last lesson
Elite - A small, rich and powerful group of individuals who have control in society
Aristocracy – rich and powerful ( those with titles and royalty)
Privilege - having special advantages over other groups
Ruling class – according to the Marxists they are the rich and powerful who have control in society
Key words from last lesson

8. Using the item, identify what proportion of the UK’s leading people did not go to Oxford or Cambridge universities /3
Identify which type of school gives the best chance of becoming one of the nation’s elite
- fee paying (private schools)
Explain what is meant by the term privilege, using an example
- having special advantages over other groups
Identify and explain which groups of people are more likely to be part of the elite
- The rich business owners such as Richard Branson and Alan Sugar. Also the aristocracy are the elite in society
Exam responses

9. Explain two ways in which elites may have more power than other groups
They are able to get into positions of power and have jobs with a higher level of prestige and privilege. They therefore have a higher status and influence in society.
The elite are able to network, either for their own gain or other elites. They can access private education/health care/top jobs for their children/families– reinforcing the power that they have in society.
Also consider Steven Lukes and the 3 ways that elite control society.

10. Stephen Lukes – Power
Handout

11. GCSE Sociology: Unit 2 – social structures
Inequality and its causes Lesson 5: Racism
Objectives of the lesson are:
To understand the term racism
Recap the terms prejudice and discrimination
To understand the different forms that racism can take and what can be done to tackle it
GCSE Sociology: Unit 2 – social structures

12. An idea about what someone is like based on a prejudgement about them.
We tend to group people into ethnicity, gender and age.
Prejudice

13. Discrimination
An action for or against someone often because of prejudice

14. How might someone discriminate against another person?
Being unfriendly/excluding
Abusing them
Not employing them
Not giving them the same chance as others
How might someone discriminate against another person?

15. Positive discrimination
Discrimination can also be positive. This is often known as positive action.
In Britain extra resources have been targeted at schools in the inner city to help poor children to have a better chance in life
Government quotas for some occupations
Positive discrimination

16. What are some of the reasons for prejudice and discrimination?
Thinking skills…

17. Fear/lack of trust
Ignorance - stereotypes
Cultural misunderstanding
Scapegoating
Socialisation

18. When a person finds it difficult to understand something about another person’s culture and so see them in a negative of confused way.
Cultural
Misunderstanding

19. Cultural Misunderstanding

20. A fixed, exaggerated idea about a group of people.
e.g. old people all have bad memories and can’t use technology
Can you think of any others?
Stereotype –
Reason for
prejudice

21. Adolf Hitler
Hitler stereotyped the Jews as being ‘greedy’ and blamed them for all of Germany’s problems

22. When a group of people are blamed for society’s problems
Minority groups are often blamed for crime and unemployment. This is linked to prejudice
Scapegoating

23. Watch the film and learn about the problems in Rwanda between the Hutus and the Tutsis in the 1990s
Hotel Rwanda

24. Identify two reasons for prejudice and discrimination
Question

25. Answer Cultural misunderstanding Socialisation Stereotyping
Scapegoating
Answer

26. The idea that one ‘race’ (ethnic group) is better than others
Racism

27. Prejudice and discrimination against different ethnic groups
Racism

28. Ethnicity is the preferred term. This refers to culture.
Sociologists no longer use the term Race. This refers to biology (the way people are born).
Ethnicity is the preferred term. This refers to culture.
Race

29. Ethnicity Refers to different groups found in society
Ethnicity is about the shared cultural group a person belongs to and may include religion, nationality, language, history and customs.
Ethnicity

30. Ethnicity = culture
Race = biology
Difference?

31. Can you identify 5 examples of different ethnic groups in the UK?
Question

32. Can you identify 5 examples of different ethnic groups in the UK?
White British
Bangladeshi
Indian
Black Caribbean
African
Ethnic groups in the UK

33. Why are some people racist?
Thinking skills

34. Ignorance/lack of education
Mistrust/fear
Parents may be racist
Friends may be racist
Ignorance/lack of education
Scapegoating/racial stereotyping
Why?

35. What can be done to tackle racism?
The government have introduced laws to try and tackle racial discrimination.
Schools have also tried to introduce anti-racist curriculum
What can be done to tackle racism?

36. Sport: Racism in Football

37. Organisational racism Stephen Lawrence case – has highlighted how police used stereotypes and racist thinking

39. Tackling Institutional Racism
An inquiry called the Macpherson Report found that police has failed to listen to witnesses or investigate properly. This was due to institutional racism.

40. Is when the culture of an organisation is racist
…in terms of the police. It was found that the organisation was full of racial stereotypes and racist thinking.
Institutional Racism

41. What effect do you think that the Macpherson Report has had on the UK?
Thinking skills…
What effect do you think that the Macpherson Report has had on the UK?

42. The Macpherson report argued that institutional racism was a problem within all public institutions - including the education system
Institutional Racism

43. Inequality Ethnicity & Work
British ethnic minority graduates are between 5% and 15% less likely to be employed than their white British peers six months after graduation
Black Caribbean, Pakistani and Bangladeshi women are at the greatest disadvantage and can expect to earn between 3% and 7% less than white British women from similar backgrounds with similar qualifications
Ref.
Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex (2016)
Inequality Ethnicity & Work

44. Ethnicity and Health life chances
Ethnic minority groups generally suffer worse health than the rest of the population.
However, there are big differences within and between groups.
Differences may be because ethnic minority people are found in the working classes
Ethnicity and Health life chances

45. Task
Exam Practice

46. Martin Luther King