1. Hepatorenal Syndrome: A Severe, but Treatable, Cause of Kidney Failure in Cirrhosis 
Cláudia Fagundes, MD, Pere Ginès, MD, PhD 
American Journal of Kidney Diseases 
Volume 59, Issue 6, Pages (June 2012)
DOI: /j.ajkd
Copyright © 2012 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Serum creatinine concentration and mean arterial pressure in the patient described in the case vignette.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2012 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Pathogenesis of circulatory abnormalities in (left) compensated cirrhosis and (right) hepatorenal syndrome.
Reproduced from Ginès & Schrier15 with permission of the Massachusetts Medical Society.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2012 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Survival of patients with cirrhosis according to type of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS).
Reproduced from Alessandria et al46 with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2012 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Proposed treatment algorithm for patients with type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Abbreviation: MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease. aPotentially reversible chronic liver diseases (alcoholic hepatitis, acute-on-chronic liver failure, etc) with no important associated comorbid conditions.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2012 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Proposed treatment algorithm for patients with type 2 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Abbreviations: SCr, serum creatinine; Tx, transplant. aOnly in patients without adverse reactions to diuretics and with sodium excretion under diuretic treatment of >30 mEq/d. bEither terliprerssin if available or norepinephrine; therapy with a combination of midrodine and octreotide also could be an option.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2012 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions