1. In situ Delivery of Tumor Antigen– and Adjuvant-Loaded Liposomes Boosts Antigen- Specific T-Cell Responses by Human Dermal Dendritic Cells 
Martine A. Boks, Sven C.M. Bruijns, Martino Ambrosini, Hakan Kalay, Louis van Bloois, Gert Storm, Tanja de Gruijl, Yvette van Kooyk 
Journal of Investigative Dermatology 
Volume 135, Issue 11, Pages (November 2015)
DOI: /jid
Copyright © 2015 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA)-modified liposomes are taken up by human monocyte–derived dendritic cells (DCs) and induce DC maturation and cytokine production. Human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) were exposed to various concentrations of non-modified or MPLA-modified liposomes for 3 hours at 37 °C and analyzed by flow cytometry. (a) Histograms of liposome uptake. Tinted gray: DC only; solid lines: DC with liposomes. (b) Data are shown as mean±SEM of six independent experiments. (c and d) moDCs were stimulated with liposomes (100 nmol) or soluble MPLA (concentration as used for liposome preparation) overnight at 37 °C. DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry for maturation, (c) or cytokine production was measured in culture supernatants by ELISA (d). Data are shown as mean±SEM of duplicate cultures of 4 independent experiments. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2015 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Liposome-incorporated monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) enhances antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) to CD8+ T cells. HLA-A2+ monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) were exposed to various concentrations of non-modified or MPLA-modified liposomes loaded with gp peptide for 1 hour. Non-modified liposomes were used in the presence or absence of soluble MPLA. After extensive washing, an HLA-A2-restricted gp100-specific CD8+ T–cell clone was added, and after 24 hours supernatants were taken and analyzed for IFN-γ production by ELISA. Data are shown as mean±SEM of triplicate cultures. Results are representative of three independent experiments. **P≤0.01 and ***P≤0.001 significant difference to non-modified gp100 liposomes. NS, not significant.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2015 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
In situ liposome uptake and emigration of dermal dendritic cell (DC) subsets. Liposomes (50 nmol; b–d), medium (a, b and d) or soluble monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) (d), were injected intradermally. Biopsies were taken and after 2 days of culture dermal DCs (dDCs) were collected and stained for HLA-DR and dDC subset markers CD1a and CD14 and analyzed for liposome uptake. (a) Gating strategy after cell migration out of skin biopsies. (b) Dotplots of liposome internalization by total HLA-DR+ dDC. Representative of three experiments is shown. Data are shown as mean±SEM of three (c) or two (d) independent experiments. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2015 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after intradermal injection with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA)-modified liposomes. (a) Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression by emigrated CD1a+ and CD14+ dDCs. Intracellular staining of dermal dendritic cells (dDCs) after 2-day spontaneous migration out of skin biopsies. Tinted gray: isotype controls; solid lines: TLR4 staining. (b) Liposomes (50 nmol) or soluble MPLA was injected intradermally. After 2 days of skin biopsy culture, supernatants were collected, and cytokine production was measured by ELISA. Data are shown as mean±SEM of three or two (IL-1β) independent experiments.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2015 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Liposome-incorporated monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) enhances antigen presentation by dermal dendritic cells (DCs) to CD8+ T cells after intradermal injection in human skin. Various concentrations of non-modified or MPLA-modified liposomes loaded with gp peptide were injected intradermally in HLA-A2+ skin. Non-modified liposomes were also co-injected with soluble MPLA. Emigrated dendritic cells (DCs) were collected after 2 days of skin biopsy culture. Emigrated dDCs were co-cultured with an HLA-A2-restricted gp100-specific CD8+ T–cell clone. After 24 hours, supernatants were taken and analyzed for IFN-γ production by ELISA. Data are shown as mean±SEM of duplicate cultures. Results are representative of three independent experiments.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2015 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions