1. DANCE Dance communicates ideas
Dance focuses on the human form in time and space

2. DANCE
Scholars maintain that theatre in ancient Greece developed from ancient tribal dances
Dance also represents a social activity
In this context we limit ourselves to performance

3. Theatre Dance Dance as an art form involves: *performer *performance
*audience
Dance focuses on the human form in time and space

4. What is it? This discussion treats five directions or genres in dance:
*Ballet
*Modern
*Ritual
*Folk
*Jazz

5. BALLET
Reduction of human gesture to bare essentials, heightened & developed into meaningful patterns
Great choreographer, George Balanchine, saw single steps of a ballet as analogous to single frames in film
Ballet is a set of formalized movements-
All emanate from five basic leg, foot, and arm positions

6. Five Positions

7. In tutu- classic ballet short dress

8. Snow fairies

9. Fifth position: most frequently used of the basic ballet positions

10. Boston Ballet: Romeo and Julet, Pas de deux

11. Bolshoi Ballet: Pas de deux, ballet lift

12. Modern pointe shoes. The edge of the toe pad, which is inserted between the foot and toe box for cushioning, can be seen on the right foot.

13. MODERN DANCE
Revolt against the stylized & tradition-bound elements of ballet
Exploration of natural, spontaneous, & uninhibited movement
Narrative elements are less emphasized
Rejected conventions of ballet: feet are bare
There is a pronounced use of the floor in the choreography, whereas in ballet it is merely a springboard for leaps and jumps

14. Martha Graham: Contributed more to the art of modern dance as an innovative choreographer and teacher than any other individual. Her technique was rooted in the muscular and nerve-muscle responses of the body to inner and outer stimuli. She created the most demanding body-training method in the field of modern dance.

15. Modern dance usually is performed with bare feet, and often with non-traditional costumes.

16. Less formal than ballet

17. RITUAL DANCE Dances have ceremonial functions
With formal characteristics
Particular prescribed procedures passed from generation to generation
Center around topics important to single cultures
Sacred- never performed for others
Theatrical- involves cultural communication

18. Theatrical: Kabuki Fan Dance

19. Native American Thunderbird Dance

20. Masai Rain Dance

21. FOLK DANCE Does not spring from the action of an artist or group
Developed over period of years, passed from one generation to next
Exist more to involve participants than to entertain an audience
Members of the group experience a sense of oneness, whether in conscious strength, purpose, or heightened power through collective dancing

22. Tango in Argentina

23. Belen Maya, Flamenco dancer, Madrid

24. Flamenco dancers in Seville

25. Morris Dancers, England

26. JAZZ DANCE Arise from jazz music & African-American tradition
Improvisation
Syncopation
Fusion with modern & Broadway style
Jazz tap

27. Tap shoes

28. Bill Robinson

29. Nicholas Brothers: Stormy Weather

30. Jazz dancers

31. MOVING IMAGES Line: - horizontal- calm, repose
-vertical- grandeur, elegance, strength
-diagonal- action, movement

32. Ballet Finale

33. Iceland Dance Company

34. Kabuki

35. Moving Image Form- 3-dimensional moving form
Repetition- dancers move through time
Rhythm- relationship to music/ dynamics

36. Ballet Nacional de Cuba performing in the Great Theatre of Havana

37. Student Dancers in grand jete

38. Mime & Pantomime
Mime: bodily movement that suggests the kinds of movement we associate with people or animals
Pantomime- narrative elements appear in dance, and the dancer actually portrays a character in the theatrical sense

39. Firebird

40. Bolshoi Ballet: Rite of Spring

41. Nutcracker: Anchorage

42. THEME / PURPOSE Dance communicates ideas
1) Narrative elements, tells story
2) Abstract ideas- relating to human emotion or the human condition (psychology and behavior; social themes; impressions of poetry or novels; religious or folk themes)
3) “Divertissement”- communicates no story or idea

43. COSTUME Costume, as in theatre
-can represent the story line or be neutral
-must allow dancer to accomplish the choreography
-can be an integral part of the piece
Footwear- on point, tap, ballet slippers, street shoes, bare feet

44. Classical Indian Dance

45. Arabesque penchee: Xiomara Reyes in Giselle

46. “Night Journey” (Graham choreography)

47. Men’s Hula Kahiko (Ancient Style)

48. Mis-En-Scene The complete visual environment of the production
Includes: costume, scenery, lighting

49. SIGN LANGUAGE Human communication Set of symbols
Conventions of sign language
Universal set of body language symbols exist (gestures)
Dancers employ universal symbols that appeal to our senses

50. Romeo & Juliet

51. Tango dance

52. Haka: Traditional dance of the Maori (New Zealand)