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ריאקצית קונדנסציה (דחיסה)

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Presentation on theme: "ריאקצית קונדנסציה (דחיסה)"— Presentation transcript:

1 ריאקצית קונדנסציה (דחיסה)
יצירת הקשר הפפטידי ריאקצית קונדנסציה (דחיסה) יציאת מולקולת מים

2 קשר פפטידי peptide bond NH3+ HO - CH2 - C - H COO- NH3+ CH3 - C - H

3 קשר פפטידי NH3+ H2O HO - CH2 - C - H COO- NH3+ CH3 - C - H COO-

4 קשר פפטידי NH3+ NH3+ H2O HO - CH2 - C - H HO - CH2 - C - H CO COO- NH

5 הפפטידים - תרכובות הנוצרות מיצירת קשרים פפטידים בין חומצות אמינו
dipeptide דיפפטיד aa1 aa2 tripeptide טריפפטיד aa1 aa2 aa3 aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 tetrapeptide טטראפפטיד n < 1 אוליגופפטיד n > 10 פוליפפטיד

6 הקשר הפפטידי The Peptide Bond
Peptide Unit Double Bond character O N R 1.51 C 1.46 Ca Ca 1.32 N C R Single Bond character O הקשר הפפטידי הוא קשיח ומישורי. אף על פי כן משני צידי מישור הקשר, בקשרים הסמוכים לפחמני אלפא יכולה להתבצע תנועה.

7 מישוריות אזור הקשר נובעת מתופעת הרזוננס (אל-איתור)
א. יצוג הרזוננס ב. הרזוננס מקנה לקשר אופי של קשר כפול ג. התוצאה קשר קשיח שגורם למישוריות

8 מישוריות איזורי הקשרים הפפטידיים
Planar peptide bond Planar peptide bond a-carbon angles

9 תנועת רוטציונית בין המישורים
הקשרים לפחמן אלפא מאפשרים תנועה ושינוי של הזויות בין שני המישורים a-carbon angles

10 המבנה המרחבי (הקונפורמציה) של הפפטיד תלוי בזויות שבין מישורי הקשר הפפטידי
תנועה רוטציונית (תנועה סביב) פחמן אלפא מאפשרת שינוי הזויות בין שני מישורים הזווית בין פחמן אלפא לחנקן ובין פחמן אלפא שני לפחמן הקרבונילי) . פחמן קרבונילי

11 The polymerization of amino acids to form a polypeptide is achieved by elimination of water between the carboxyl group of one amino acid (or the polypeptide itself) and the amino group of another amino acid. This simple elimination reaction creates a peptide bond. In living cells, this chemistry is catalyzed by enzymes and ribosomes.

12 peptide bond

13 הערכת הנקודה האיזואלקטרית
חשבו את הנקודה האיזואלקטרית של ההפטאפפטיד הבא: הערכים המופיעים בצד הקבוצות המיוננות הם ערכים של ה- pK השונים. לתשובה לחצו כאן

14 הערכת הנקודה האיזואלקטרית
ב- pH=4.5 -0.5 -1 -1 +0.5 +1 +1.5 -0.5 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 ב- pH=6.5 +0.5 ב- pH=7.5 ה- pH בנקודה האיזואלקטרית הוא /( ) +0.5 +1 +1 -0.5 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 ב- pH=10.5 מה יהיה המטען ב- pH זה?

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