1. African Americans on the Home front
Marvelous Monday, Nov. 13, 2014
Turn in your notebook
Take your seat
Take out your Notebook
Warm-Up
Create the following chart and take down detailed facts from the video
Women on the Home front
African Americans on the Home front

2. Today’s Agenda Video Clip / Discussions FN: “The Home front” Homework:
Women’s Portrait
Study Guide Ques

3. Standard 11.4.5 EQ: How did the war affect Americans at home?
The Home Front
Standard
EQ: How did the war affect Americans at home?

4. America Mobilizes for War
Selective Service
there were only 98,000 men in the US army in 1914
the US used conscription (the draft) to raise an army after April 1917
3 million immediately enlisted
24 million registered for the draft
many Americans opposed the war
women, Quakers, and socialists
they blamed the greed of big business for our involvement
Wilson said the US “must make the world safe for democracy”

5. America Mobilizes for War
War Industries Board (Bernard Baruch)
encouraged companies to increase efficiency and eliminate waste by adopting mass production
American businesses resisted government control
set prices, standardized production, and rationed resources
coal, gasoline, heating oil
the government took control of the railroads
introduced daylight-savings time

6. America Mobilizes for War
Food Administration (Herbert Hoover)
worked to cut down on consumption
meatless Tuesdays
wheatless Wednesdays
also sweetless and porkless
“victory gardens” increased food production
agricultural output rose by 25%
increased food exports to our allies
food exports rose 300%

7. America Mobilizes for War
Committee on Public Information (George Creel)
the nation’s artists and advertising people used propaganda to promote war
75,000 four-minute men made patriotic speeches
paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures promoting the war
“Kill the Kaiser”
“Over There” became the anthem of the war

15. Opposition and Its Consequences
Espionage and Sedition Acts, 1917
illegal to interfere with the draft, or saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort
the laws clearly violated the spirit of the First Amendment to the Constitution
the law targeted socialists and labor leaders (Eugene V. Debs)
$10,000 fine and 20 years in jail

16. Opposition and Its Consequences
Anti-Foreign Hysteria
anti-immigrant hysteria focused on Germans
people with German sounding names lost their jobs
Germans were interred in detainee camps
German words were not used
kindergarten (pre-school), hamburger (victory steak), frankfurter (hot dog), sauerkraut (liberty cabbage)
Prohibition was passed
Schenck vs. United States, 1917
Schenck was arrested for suggesting that people dodge the draft
the court upheld the Sedition Act saying that sometimes speech is “a clear and present danger”
“You can’t yell fire in a theater”
President Woodrow Wilson issued two sets of regulations on April 6, 1917, and November 16, 1917, imposing restrictions on German-born male residents of the United States over the age of 14. The rules were written to include natives of Germany who had become citizens of countries other than the U.S.[2] Some 250,000 people in that category were required to register at their local post office, to carry their registration card at all times, and to report any change of address or employment. The same regulations and registration requirements were imposed on females on April 18, 1918.[3] Some 6,300 such aliens were arrested. Thousands were interrogated and investigated. A total of 2,048 were incarcerated for the remainder of the war in two camps, Fort Douglas, Utah, for those west of theMississippi and Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, for those east of the Mississippi.[4]

17. The American Homefront
National War Labor Board
dealt with disputes between labor and management (work or fight)
pushed for the 8 hour work day
factory safety inspections
pressured manufacturers to eliminate child labor
unions agreed to not strike during the war

18. The War Changes American Society
Women in the Workforce
women began to fill unfamiliar social roles
they took jobs usually held by men
they volunteered for the Red Cross
women received the right to vote in 1920

19. The War Changes American Society
The Great Migration, 1916
the large-scale movement of hundreds of thousands of Southern blacks to cities in the North
many went to find employment in the big cities like New York, Chicago, and Detroit
fewer white workers meant more jobs were available
to escape racial discrimination
Between 1916 and 1940 more than a million African Americans moved to the North
African-Americans were split on how to respond to the war effort
Du Bois said blacks should support the war because it would lead to calls for racial justice
Trotter said blacks should not support a racist government period

20. The War Changes American Society
Mexican Immigration
thousands of Hispanics moved to the US to take the place of white soldiers fighting in the war

21. The War Changes American Society
The Spanish Flu Epidemic, 1918
one in four Americans got sick
public places were closed and people wore masks when they did go out
500,000 Americans died
more than died in the war
effect on the economy was devastating