1. Neurostimulation Devices for the Treatment of Neurologic Disorders
Christine A. Edwards, MS, Abbas Kouzani, PhD, Kendall H. Lee, MD, PhD, Erika K. Ross, MS, PhD 
Mayo Clinic Proceedings 
Volume 92, Issue 9, Pages (September 2017)
DOI: /j.mayocp
Copyright © 2017 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Neuromodulation devices for the treatment of neurologic disorders. Schematic summarizing common neuromodulation devices and stimulation targets in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /j.mayocp )
Copyright © 2017 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Deep brain stimulation (DBS). A, Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan showing magnetic resonance fiducial markers that are used for stereotactic planning of the ventrolateral intermedius (VIM) thalamus for the treatment of essential tremor. B, Intraoperative fluoroscopy scan showing the accurate placement of bilateral VIM thalamic DBS leads. C, Postoperative head computed tomography scan showing the accurate placement of bilateral VIM thalamic DBS leads in the sagittal (left) and coronal (right) planes.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /j.mayocp )
Copyright © 2017 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Motor cortex stimulation. A, Functional magnetic resonance imaging scan of the patient with tongue-tapping task that show the precise location of the motor area of the tongue. B, Intraoperative photograph showing the placement of the temporary grid on the cortical surface for test stimulation. C, Postoperative computed tomography scan of the head showing the precise location of the permanent grid for cortical stimulation.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /j.mayocp )
Copyright © 2017 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Toward closed-loop electrochemical sensing and stimulation. Neural interface (top) detects specific neurochemical changes in the brain (right) to drive stimulation parameter tuning (bottom) and deliver stimulation to the brain (left). ADC = analog-to-digital converter; DAC = digital-to-analog converter; LED = light emitting diode.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /j.mayocp )
Copyright © 2017 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions