1. Native Americans How long have people been here?
Scientists are not completely sure, but most say between 12,000 and 30,000 years ago.
How did they get here?
Beringia
Due to global cooling, a land bridge was revealed between Asia and North America about 12,000 years ago.
So much water was trapped in glaciers that ocean levels dropped.
People migrated from Asia. Some came by boat and others over the land bridge.

3. Who were they? What is a civilization? 1. Olmec- 1200 B.C.
2. Maya- 250 A.D. to present
3. Hohokam and Anasazi in the Southwest
4. Mound Builders in Southeast and
Midwest
What is a civilization?

4. Olmec and Maya The Olmec: 1200 BC to 400 BC
Built pyramids, large cities
Disappeared
The Maya:
In Southern Mexico and
Guatemala
250 AD to present
Written language with
picture symbols
Number system with 0
Astronomy/calendars
Surgery?

5. Hohokam and the Anasazi
The Hohokam:
Lived in present day Arizona
300 BC to 1400 AD
Used irrigation
Planted corn, beans, squash
Hunted and gathered
Mesa Verde Cliff Dwellings
The Anasazi:
Lived in present day
four-corners area
100 AD to 1300 AD
Farmers
Traded
Build large cliff dwellings,
pueblos

6. Adobe/ Pueblos
Petroglyphs

7. Cliff Dwellers
Kiva

8. Burial Mounds Mound Builders Hopewell 400 BC to 400 AD,
Mississipians 800 AD to 1700s
Grew corn, traded
Tombs contained jewelry/gifts

9. How do we know about them?
People study:
1. Language
2. Archaeology and artifacts
3. Theories about culture

10. Societies of North America
Culture Areas
1. North
a. Aleut
b. Inuit
2. Northwest Coast
3. West
a. Great Basin
b. Plateau
c. California
4. Southwest- The Pueblos
a. Farming and religion
b. Hunters
5. Great Plains
6. Southeast
7. Eastern Woodland
a. House Builders
b. League of Iroquois

11. Societies of West Africa
A. Ghana- 700 A.D.
1. Trade in gold and salt
2. Army created Empire
3. Muslim influence
B. Mali A.D.- Mansa Musa
C. Empire of Songhai- lack of technology led to its defeat

12. Societies of Europe
A. Feudalism
1. Middle Ages
2. Manor system
B. Growing middle class
1. Stability helps the economy grow
2. Merchants and craftspeople move to cities
C. Trade
1. Crusades, 1096 A.D.
2. Asian and European goods exchanged
D. Rebirth
1. Renaissance, 1300 to 1600 A.D.
2. Reformation
a. printing press- Gutenberg
b. Martin Luther

13. Capture of Jerusalem

14. Gutenburg’s printing press
Martin Luther

16. Early Encounters
A. Vikings set up settlements in 1001 A.D.
B. Pacific Visitors from Asia
C. Christopher Columbus
1. Tainos in the Carribean
2. Slavery
3. Disease

17. Cultural Exchange 1. European influence a. domestic animals
b. metal work
c. disease
2. Food and farming
a. corn, potatoes, beans, tomatoes, squash, pineapples
b. impact cultures and nutrition
3. Language
a. animals (moose and racoons)
b. States, Rivers, etc.
4. Technology
a. clothing (ponchos, moccasins, etc.)
b. trapping, snowshoes
c. medicine
d. Lacrosse and other games