1. Matter and Material INTRODUCTION
Grade 10 Physical Science
CHEMISTRY
Mrs K Faling

2. MATTER AND MATERIAL Table of contents
Macroscopic properties of matter
Phases of matter and the kinetic molecular theory
The atom
Periodic table
Matter is composed of particles
MATTER AND MATERIAL Table of contents

3. Overview and definitions
MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCES
MIXTURES
ELEMENTS (THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS)
METALS
SEMI-METALS
NON-METALS
HETEROGENEOUS
HOMOGENEOUS
COMPOUNDS
INORGANIC
ORGANIC
Overview and definitions

4. Mixtures: A combination of two or more substances which have not reacted chemically and can be separated by a mechanical/physical process.
Homogeneous: A mixture which is the same throughout (uniform) all constituents are in the same phase.
Heterogeneous: A mixture which is of variable composition (non-uniform) the components of the solution are not in the same phase.
Pure substance: A substance which is not a mixture, such as a pure compound or element.
Definitions

5. Elements: The simplest type of pure substance which cannot be broken down into two or more simpler substances by chemical means
Compounds: A substance formed by the chemical combination of elements in a fixed proportion. Compounds can be broken down into simpler forms by a chemical reaction.
Metals: A substance which is normally a shiny solid, a good conductor of heat and electric current. They are malleable and ductile. Some metals have magnetic properties. Metals always form positive ions.
Conductors: A substance which has a good ability to move heat through it. A material through which electrons can flow.

6. Non-metals: Dull substances which do not conduct electricity or heat
Non-metals: Dull substances which do not conduct electricity or heat. Non-metals are generally liquids and gases or weak solids. Non-metals always form negative ions.
Insulators: A material which allows no or very few electrons to pass through it. The electrons are held very tightly in the atoms.
Semi-metals: (Also called metalloids) A class of elements intermediate in properties between metals and non-metals. Examples are boron and silicon.

7. Matter is everything that has mass and occupies space
Three phases: solid, liquid and gas
All matter is made up of elements in the periodic table
Macroscopic properties: can be experienced by your senses. Example:
Strength
Thermal properties
Electrical properties
Magnetic properties
Solubility
Brittleness, ductility and malleability
Tensile strength
Melting and Boiling points

8. Microscopic properties – cannot be experienced by your senses Example:
Constituent atoms
Types of bonds
Intermolecular forces

9. MIXTURES & PURE SUBSTANCES
Elements
Compounds
Only 1 type of atom
2 or more types of atoms chemically bonded
Different elements and or compounds
cannot be broken down into simpler substance
Came be broken down into simpler particles (chemical means)
Can be separated mechanically (physical means)
Smallest particle – ATOM, diatomic molecule or + ion
Smallest particle MOLECULE (covalent) or ION (ionic)
Particles according to the composition
MIXTURES & PURE SUBSTANCES