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Universal Law of Gravitation
Every object attracts every other object with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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Calculating Gravitational Force
Fg = gravitational force or weight or force of attraction, N G = universal constant of gravitation (= 6.67 x Nm2/kg2) m1, m2 = masses of objects, kg d = distance from center of one object to center of other object, m Fg Fg m1 m2 d
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Calculating “g” Note: m= mass of the object that is being attracted or accelerated (mass that is orbiting about another object) M = mass of the object that is attracting or accelerating ‘m’ (mass that is being orbited about) r = radial distance (same as d)
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Orbital Velocity for a Satellite moving in a Circular Orbit
Centripetal Force = Gravitational Force v
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Another Formula for Orbital Speed
Fc = Fg Note: You must know g to use this equation for v!
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Orbital Period of a Satellite
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Useful Constants G = 6.67 x 10 -11 N m2/ kg2
Mass of Earth = 5.98 x1024 kg Radius of Earth = x 106 m Earth’s orbital radius = 1 A.U. Earth’s orbital period = 1 year
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