1. Atypical Sexual Variations
Chapter 15
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2. Normal Versus Deviant Sexual Behaviour
What is normal?
Statistical infrequency
Social norm
“Atypical variations” in sexual behaviour
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The Paraphilias
Paraphilia
Atypical patterns of sexual arousal or behaviour that become problematic
Urges are recurrent
Either acted on or are distressing to the individual
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The Paraphilias
Fetishism
Inanimate object elicits sexual arousal
Partialism
Sexual arousal is exaggeratedly associated with a particular body part
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The Paraphilias
Transvestism
Person repeatedly cross-dresses to achieve sexual arousal or gratification
Troubled with persistent, recurrent urges to cross-dress
Transvestic fetishism
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The Paraphilias
Exhibitionism
Exposing one’s genitals to unsuspecting strangers
Flashing
Typically a socially inadequate heterosexual male
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The Paraphilias
Obscene telephone calling
Telephone scatologia
Responding to Exhibitionists and obscene phone callers
How to respond to exhibitionists
How to respond to obscene phone callers
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The Paraphilias
Voyeurism
Observing unsuspecting strangers who are naked, disrobing, or engaged in sexual relations
It seems like voyeurs are everywhere
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The Paraphilias
Sexual masochism
Desire or need for pain or humiliation to enhance sexual arousal
Bondage
Ritual restraint
Blindfolding, spanking, whipping, and humiliating acts
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The Paraphilias
Sexual sadist
People who become sexually aroused by inflicting pain or humiliation on others
Hypoxyphilia
Enhancing sexual arousal by becoming deprived of oxygen
Can result in death
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The Paraphilias
Sexual sadism
Desire or need to inflict pain or humiliation on others to enhance sexual arousal
Sadomasochism (S&M)
Mutually gratifying sexual interaction between consenting partners
(continued)
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The Paraphilias
Sadomasochism (S&M) (continued)
Sexual arousal is associated with the infliction and receipt of pain or humiliation
Pain may be symbolic
endorphins
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The Paraphilias
Frotteurism
Rubbing against or touching a nonconsenting person
Mashing
Toucherism
Persistent urge to fondle non-consenting
strangers
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14. Less Common Paraphilias
Zoophilia
Sexual contact with animals
Bestiality
Necrophilia
Sexual activity with corpses
Necrophilic homicide
Necrophilic fantasy
(continued)
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15. Less Common Paraphilias (continued)
Klismaphilia
Sexual arousal is derived from the use of enemas
Coprophilia
Sexual arousal is attained in connection with feces
(continued)
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16. Less Common Paraphilias (continued)
Urophilia
Sexual arousal is associated with urine
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Cybersex Addiction
A new psychological disorder?
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18. Theoretical Perspectives
Biological perspectives
Hormones
Hypersexual desire disorder
EEG and evoked electrical potential
Psychoanalytic perspectives
Psychological defenses
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19. Theoretical Perspectives
Learning perspectives
Conditioning model
Modeling or observational learning
Sociological perspectives
sadomasochism
Integrative perspective
Lovemap
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20. Treatment of Paraphilias
Psychotherapy
Focuses on resolving unconscious conflicts
Cognitive-Behaviour therapy
Systematic application of the principles of learning
(continued)
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21. Treatment of Paraphilias
Cognitive-Behaviour therapy (continued)
Systematic desensitization
terminates the connection between a stimulus and an inappropriate response
Aversion therapy
Behaviour is repeatedly paired with an aversive stimulus
(continued)
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22. Treatment of Paraphilias
Cognitive-Behaviour therapy (continued)
Covert sensitization
Thoughts of engaging in an undesirable behaviour are paired with imagined aversive stimuli
Pedophiles
(continued)
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23. Treatment of Paraphilias
Cognitive-Behaviour therapy (continued)
Social skills training
Coaching and practice to build social skills
Orgasmic reconditioning
Strengthening the connection between sexual arousal and appropriate sexual stimuli
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24. Treatment of Paraphilias
Medical approaches
Antidepressants
Anti-androgen drugs
Castration
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End of Chapter 15
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