1. The Reproductive System
“The male”

2. The Function
Androgen hormones, mainly testosterone bring about sexual maturity
Testosterone induces maturation of sperm and secondary sex characteristics
Facial hair
Wide jaws
Deep voice
Adam’s apple

3. Male Organs Essential Organs Gonads in males are the testes
Testes produces sex cells, sperm
Accessory Organs
Genital Ducts
Epididymides(a pair)
Vas deferentia(a pair)
Ejaculatory ducts(a pair)
Urethra

4. Male Organs Glands Seminal vesicles(a pair)
Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands(a pair)
Prostate

5. Perineum Made up of the urogenital triangle and anal triangle
Muscles found there make up the pelvic floor, they control defecation and urination

6. The Testes Are cased in the scrotal sac
Each testis is surrounded by a fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea
The testes are divided into lobules that are packed full of seminiferous tubules
Testicles refers to the testis, scrotum, & spermatic cord
The left testicle is usually 1 cm lower than the right

7. Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis occurs within the seminiferous tubules

8. Spermatozoa Sperm are fully formed in the seminiferous tubules
Go through a “ripening” process as they pass through the genital ducts
Before being able to fertilize an egg they must go through a process called capacitation
During capacitation enzymes from the sperm break down cervical mucus to get to the egg

9. Spermatogenesis

10. Testosterone Promotes male sexual behavior
Testosterone is released by Leydig cells in the seminiferous tubules
Promotes male sexual behavior
Maintains prostate and seminal vesicles
Promotes protein anabolism and bone growth
Increases muscle development
Erectile function
Leads to epiphyseal closure

11. Testosterone
Seminiferous tubule
Leydig Cells

12. Genital Ducts Epididymis Located on top of and behind the testis.
Comma-shaped, tightly coiled tubule that continues into the vas deferens
The seminiferous tubules empty into the epididymis via the efferent ducts
Sperm spend 1 to 3 weeks maturing here

13. Genital Ducts Vas Deferens (ductus deferens)
Thick muscular cord that continues from epididymis
Travels up the inguinal canal, behind the bladder where it joins with a seminal vesicle
Sperm may stay in here for 1 month without a loss of fertility

14. Genital Ducts Ejaculatory Duct
Two short tubules formed after the vas deferens join the seminal vesicles
They join together and pass through the prostate gland terminating in the urethra
The urethra is the last genital duct sperm pass through

15. Reproductive Glands Seminal Vesicles
Located posterior to the lower part of the bladder
Secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that makes up 60% of semen
Alkalinity helps to neutralize acidity of the vagina
Fluid contains fructose to nourish sperm

16. Reproductive Glands Prostate Gland
Donut-shaped gland located directly below the bladder and surrounding the urethra
Secretes milky, slightly acidic fluid that makes up 30% of semen
Contains citrate to nourish sperm and enzymes to activate sperm

17. Reproductive Glands Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands
Two pea-shaped glands located at the top of the penile portion of the urethra
Secrete alkaline fluid and lubricating fluid

18. Supporting Structures
Scrotum
Divided by a septum, each halve housing a testis, epididymis and spermatic cord
It has special muscles that contract and relax to move the testes closer to or farther away from the body
This action ensures optimum temperature for sperm formation (3 degrees lower than body temp)

19. Supporting Structures
Penis
Composed of three masses of erectile tissue held together by skin
Two upper larger cylinders are the corpora cavernosa, (engorges with blood)
The lower one houses the urethra and is called the corpus spongiosum
The most distal region is called the glans and is surrounded by the foreskin (prepuce)
Penis allows for sexual intercourse and delivery of sperm

21. Disorders
Inguinal hernia- when intestines push through wall of abdominal cavity causing swelling in scrotum
Hypospadias- opening of urethra is located in ventral side of the penis
Epispadias- opening of urethra is located on dorsal side of penis
Infertility- low ability to reproduce
Sterility- complete inability to reproduce
Cryptorchidism- testes are “hidden” in abdominal cavity in infant
Prostatic hypertrophy- occurs in 75% of men over the age of 50