1. The Triad of Endothelial Dysfunction, Cardiovascular Disease, and Erectile Dysfunction: Clinical Implications 
Piero Montorsi, Paolo M. Ravagnani, Stefano Galli, Sarah Ghulam Ali, Alberto Briganti, Andrea Salonia, Francesco Montorsi 
European Urology Supplements 
Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages (January 2009)
DOI: /j.eursup
Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
The atherosclerotic process is schematically divided into three phases. Each phase is characterized by a given pathophysiologic substrate and related vascular disease (ie, vascular images are drawn from coronary circulation by intravascular ultrasound) and by a specific clinical setting (ie, number of risk factors per patient, severity of sexual dysfunction, and reversibility of the disease). The diagnostic tests to address each step are indicated.
European Urology Supplements 2009 8, 58-66DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Upper left: Ultrasound imaging of the brachial artery with lower cuff placement and transducer positioning above the antecubital fossa. Lower left: Continuous brachial artery diameter recording during 5min of cuff inflation and after cuff deflation (black arrow). Note the brisk increase in the brachial artery diameter as a result of flow-mediated vasodilation. Upper and lower right: Brachial artery diameter at rest and at 45–60s after cuff deflation.
European Urology Supplements 2009 8, 58-66DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Comparison of diagnostic methods to test endothelial function in patients with erectile dysfunction: (A) Endothelial cell activation assessment in 25 healthy subjects (control), 45 patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and no risk factors (group 1), and 45 patients with ED and some risk factors (group 2); ED patients with risk factors were further separated into ED with diabetes (group 3) and ED with hypertension (group 4) (reproduced with permission from Bocchio et al [37]; (B) flow-mediated vasodilation (FMV) in 30 patients with ED and in 27 controls (reproduced with permission from Kaiser et al [38]); (C) relationship between International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score and changes in coronary artery diameter (upper panel) and coronary blood flow (lower panel) in response to intracoronary acetylcholine (10–4 mol/l) in 56 men with normal coronary angiogram (reproduced with permission of Elesber et al [39]).
ET-1=endothelin-1; sVCAM-1=soluble cell adhesion molecule; sICAM-1=soluble intracellular adhesion molecule; sP Selectin=soluble P-selectin.
European Urology Supplements 2009 8, 58-66DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions