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The Building Blocks of Life
Cells & Cell Organelles The Building Blocks of Life
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Cell Theory Cells first described by ________________ – 1665
First LIVING cells described by _______________________ _________________________ – all plants made of cells ___________ – all animals made of cells _____________ – all cells come from pre-existing cells Principles of Cell Theory ________ are the basic units of life all living things are __________________ of cells cells come only from other _____________
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animal cells plant cells
bacteria cells Types of cells Prokaryote - ____ organelles ___________ - organelles animal cells plant cells
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Cell size comparison most _________ eukaryotic cells __-___ microns
Bacterial cell Animal cell most _________ __-___ microns eukaryotic cells ____-___ microns Animation micron = micrometer = 1/1,000,000 meter diameter of human hair = ~20 microns
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Prokaryote/Eukaryote DNA comparison
Prokaryotes ________ internal organization – ______ organelles Prokaryote DNA shaped as a closed _______ floating in cytoplasm Nucleoid region Eukaryote DNA in ___________ chromosomes enclosed in a ______________
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Prokaryote/Eukaryote Cell Wall Comparison
Prokaryotes all have __________________ Unique composition - __________________ Eukaryotes may or may not have cell walls Animal cells – ______ Plant cells – cell walls made of _____________ Fungal cells – cell walls made of __________
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Observing Cells – How We Know What We Know…
Light Microscopes Remember Hooke and Van Leeuwenhoek Magnification _______ of image Resolving power Observing Organelles Too small for _________ microscope Electron Microscope Scanning EM ____________ views Transmission EM Thin sections of specimen – ________ views
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TEM vs SEM – both are images of cells from a rabbit trachea (windpipe)
TEM vs SEM – both are images of cells from a rabbit trachea (windpipe). Cilia are visible.
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Why are cells small? With size increase, __________ grows _________ than surface area. Small objects have ________ surface area:volume ratio Cell/Plasma membrane functions as selective barrier Enough oxygen, nutrients, wastes must pass in to service entire volume of the cell Only so much “stuff” can pass through at a time. Need a surface large enough to accommodate volume, thus cells have to be ________________.
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Eukaryotic Cells and Complex Internal Membranes
____________ create __________ Partition cells into __________ Provide separate “little rooms” so that ______________________ processes can go on at the same time in the cell Internal membranes of cells participate directly in metabolism _______________ are often built directly into membranes Chemical reactions occur at such sites All membranes are similar, but different All made of _________________ But suited to specific_______________ due to embedded enzymes, etc.
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Why study cells? _______ _________ _______ ______
bodies are made up of cells cells do all the work of life!
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The Work of Life What jobs do cells have to do for an organism to live… “breathe” ______________: CO2 vs. O2 _______ take in & digest food make ___________ _____ __________________ proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids remove ___________ ____________ internal conditions ____________ to external environment ________ more _______ growth, repair, reproduction & development ATP
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Stay Tuned for an in depth Tour of the Eukaryotic Cell!
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