1. CAPE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Unit 1
Information technology
theory
Module 1
Fundamentals Of
Information
technology
CAPE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Objective 6:
Discuss the importance of
data and information.

2. Use of information in decision making
The type of information required by decision- makers in a company is directly related to the level of management and the amount of structure in the decision situations decision- makers face.

3. Levels of managerial decision making
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Typically consists of a board of directors and an executive committee of the CEO and top executives.
Developing overall organizational goals, strategies, policies, and objectives as part of a strategic planning process.
Monitoring the strategic performance of the organization and its overall direction in the political, economic, and competitive business environment.

4. Levels of managerial decision making (cont’d.)
TACTICAL MANAGEMENT
Includes business professional in self-directed teams and business unit managers.
Developing short- and medium-range plans, schedules and budgets.
Specifying the policies, procedures and business objectives for subunits of the company.
Allocating resources.
Monitoring the performance of organizational subunits, including departments, divisions, process teams, project teams and other workgroups.

5. Levels of managerial decision making (cont’d.)
OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT
Includes self-directed team members or operating managers.
Developing short-range plans such as weekly production schedules.
Directing the use of resources and the performance of tasks according to procedures and within budgets and schedules that were established for teams and other workgroups of the organization.

6. Structure & nature of INFORMATION

7. Structured decisions
Decisions mostly made at the operational management level.
Structured decisions involve situations where the procedures to follow when a decision is needed can be specified in advance.
Example: The inventory reorder decisions faced by most businesses.

8. Semi-structured Decisions
Decisions usually made at the tactical management level.
Semi-structured decision procedures can be pre- specified but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision.
Many decision situations are semi-structured.
Example: Making major changes to employee benefits.

9. unstructured decisions
Decisions generally made at the strategic management level.
Decision situations where it is not possible to specific in advance most of the decision procedures to follow.
Example: Developing a new product/service.

10. EXAMPLES OF DECISIONS BY structure & managerial LEVEL
Decision Structure
Operational Management
Tactical Management
Strategic Management
Unstructured
Cash management
Business process reengineering
Work group performance analysis
New E-commerce initiative
Company reorganization
Semistructured
Credit management
Production scheduling
Daily work assignment
Employee performance appraisal
Capital budgeting
Program budgeting
Product planning
Mergers and acquisitions
Site location
Structured
Inventory control
Program control

11. Decision-making & Data/Information quality
The characteristics or attributes determine the quality, value and usefulness of data/ information.
Data/Information must be accurate and up-to- date.
Data/Information that are outdated, inaccurate or difficult to understand would not be meaningful, useful or valuable to end users.
The quality of data stored in an IS must be maintained by a continual process of correcting and updating activities.
The attributes of data/information quality can be grouped in the three (3) dimensions of time, content and form.

12. ATTRIBUTES OF data/INFORMATION QUALITY

13. ATTRIBUTES FOR HIGH-QUALITY INFORMATION PRODUCTS