1. Status and recent results of the Antares Deep-sea Neutrino Telescope
research goals
detector setup
selected results
summary
Heide Costantini
CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, France
On behalf of the ANTARES Collaboration
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

2. Cosmic Microwave and IR radiation
Research goals
Cosmic Microwave and IR radiation
Dusts and Clouds
protons
neutrinos
gammas
cosmic sources of neutrinos
micro quasars: X-ray binaries
supernova remnants and shock acceleration
Active Galactic Nuclei: super-massive black hole in
center of galaxies; Gamma Ray Bursters
intriguing science questions:
origin of cosmic rays
astrophysical acceleration mechanism
origin of relativistic jets
p/A + p/g  p p 
nm m 
g g 
nm ne e
m nt ve
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

3. Detection principle
Reconstruction of m trajectory (~ n) from timing and position of PMT hits
Array of
PMTs
Cherenkov photons
(42° in water)
neutrino µ N X W
muon
neutrino
- Main detection channel:  CC-interaction giving an relativistic 
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

4. Mediterranean Sea  Telescope Sky Coverage
>75% visibility
>25% visibility
Observed sky, in galactic coordinates, by a detector efficient to tracks from below the horizon (up-going tracks).
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

5. The ANTARES detector Buoy Storey 14.5 m 350 m 40 km to shore Junction
12 lines of 75 PMTs
25 storeys / line
3 PMTs / storey
~900 PMTs
Storey
14.5 m
350 m
40 km to
shore
Junction
Box
~60 m
Submarine links
Completed in May 2008
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 2th May 2010 5

6. Optical Modules Counting Rates
2 min
40K decays and bioluminescence of micro-organisms (rate ~70 kHz)
Plus bursts from macro-organisms
(strongly correlated to sea currents)
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010 6

7. Position calibration resolution better than 10 cm
Transceivers on the bottom of each line
5 hydrophones at specific heights on each line
4 autonomous transponders around the apparatus
Sound velocimeters installed at various depths
Tiltmeter and compass at each storey
Measurements performed every 2 minutes
Position of hydrophone relative to line base location
20 days
resolution better than 10 cm
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

8. Angular resolution  0.3o (for E > 10 TeV )
Time calibration
Time difference between the LED OB and an OM
3 OMs
 = 0.4 ns
Electronics + calibration   ~ 0.5 ns
- TTS in photomultipliers   ~ 1.3 ns
- Light scattering + dispersion in sea water   ~ 1.5 ns at 40 m
Optical LED beacon
Angular resolution  0.3o (for E > 10 TeV )
Including the acoustic position resolution and the -µ angle
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

9. atmospheric n atmospheric m cosmic n Atmosphere Sea Earth
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

10. An upgoing muon: a neutrino candidate
reconstruction of muon trajectory from time, charge and position of PMT hits
assuming relativistic muon emitting Cherenkov light
Example of a reconstructed up-going muon (i.e. a neutrino candidate) detected in 6/12 detector lines:
height
time
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010 10

11. Atmospheric neutrinos
107 atmospheric m per year
Atmosphere
Earth
Sea
103 atmospheric n per year
down-going
up-going
1062  cand.
cosmic n
1062 neutrino candidates:
3.1  candidates/day
341 days detector live time,
single- and multi-line fit:
5-line data (May-Dec. 2007)+
9-12 line data (2008)
good agreement with Monte Carlo: atmospheric neutrinos: 916 (30% syst. error)
atmospheric muons: (50% syst. error)
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

12. Some selected results

13. Point-like source search
Well reconstructed
Badly reconstructed
Data from 5-lines detector (2007) included.
Loose selection for optimal sensitivity
Error estimate < 1 degree
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

14. Point-like source search
all-sky + candidate lists search
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

15. Point-like source search
ANTARES: Best limits for the Southern sky !
preliminary result:
no significant signal found
limits reported for few
candidate neutrino sources
* interesting gamma/X-ray sources for which models predict neutrinos
* galactic center: no events
within resolution
Rencontres de Moriond 2011
M. Vecchi
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

16. Search for a diffuse cosmic  flux
no atmospheric ’s
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

17. Results on diffuse cosmic  flux
J. Aguilar et al., Phys. Letter B 696, 16-22, 2011
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

18. -emission from gamma-flarying blazars
3C454.3
γ-ray sources: Variable and energetic blazars
1-day binned light curve (fit files from Fermi website)
Flare (HE state) periods: robust and simple method
Period studied
Performance: number of events produced in one source required for a 5σ discovery (50% C.L.):
Name z
F300
σ2NXS
PKS
1.003
4.43
0.87 AO
0.940
13.19
0.66
PKS
13.56
0.24
OJ287
0.306
2.48
0.16
WComae
0.102
2.58
0.17
3C273
0.158
8.68
0.38
3C279
0.536
15.69
0.62
PKS
0.36
28.67
0.91
3c454.3
0.859
24.58
0.82
PKS
0.116
7.89
0.15
PRELIMINARY
AGN
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

19. Preliminary results from flare analysis
Source
visibility
timePDF (MJD+54000)
Live time (day)
N(5σ)
Nobs
Fluence U.L. GeV/cm2
1.0
712-5, 722-4, 745-7, 750-2, 753-7, , 820-2
8.8
4.5
2.8
0.41
710-33, , , , 785-7, 805-8, 810-2
24.5
4.3
18.7
0.55
716-9, 720-5, , , 801-3
4.9
3.8
3C273
0.49
714-6, 716-8, 742-5
2.4
2.5
1.1
3C279
0.53
749-51, , 812-5, , 824-6
13.8
5.0 1
8.2
3C454.3
713-51, 761-5, 767-9,
30.8
4.4
23.5
OJ287
0.39
733-5, 752-4, 760-2, , 774-6, 800-2, 814-6
3.9
3.4
0.63
743-5, 792-6, 811-3
6.0
3.3
2.9
WComae
0.33
726-9, 771-3, 790-2, 795-7, 815-7
3.6
0.68
753-5, 766-8, ,
3.1
3.7
1.6
PRELIMINARY
Period studied
=> 1 neutrino compatible with the time/space distribution ( Δα=0.56o) of 3C279 with probability 1.03 % (post trial probability=9.95%)
3C279
PRELIMINARY
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

20. Multimessenger astronomy
Strategy: higher discovery potential by observing different probes
higher significance by coincidence detection
higher efficiency by relaxed cuts
SNEWS
SuperNova Early Warning System
TaToO
optical
follow up:
10 s
repositioning
Ligo/Virgo
Gravitational waves:
trigger + dedicated
analysis chain
GCN
GRB Coord. Network:
γ satellites
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

21. “GRB triggered” data analysis
Cumulative number of alerts
Time (date)
most of GRB alerts by the Swift satellite
GRB alerts also from the Fermi satellite
flaring activity of SGR
90% CL Upper limits on  fluxes from 37 GRBs
GRB alerts received
the ones Antares
triggered on
More than 1300 alerts from GCN have been recorded (Jan 2011)
Lines 1-5 data analysis is ongoing.
148 alerts received (exposure 1882 s):
72 above the horizon
23 rejected by run selection
16 false trigger
37 GRBs in the analysis
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010 21 21

22. TAToO project
TAToO: optical follow-up of neutrino alerts in order to search for transient sources (GRB, chocked GRB, ‘flare’ d’AGN…)
Reconstruction “on-line” (<10ms)
Trigger: multiplet / HE singlet
Alert neutrino (GCN)
1.9° x 1.9°
ANTARES ν
Real time
send <10s
Large sky coverage (>2π sr) + high duty cycle
Sensitivity improved (1 neutrino may lead to a discovery !!!)
No hypothesis on the nature of the source
Non dependent on the availability of external triggers
Advantages:
See I. Al Samarai’s talk yesterday!
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

23. … not only neutrino astrophysics…
… also open problems in particle physics …
Dark Matter searches:
Neutralino annihilation in Sun, Earth, Galactic Center
Dwarf galaxies
Galactic Halo
Magnetic Monopoles
Nuclearites …
Neutralino search:  → +…
See J. Zornoza’ s talk yesterday!
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010 23

24. Magnetic Monopoles High photon yield (>8x103 times a muon)
monopole signature is muon-like
selection optimized for the discovery potential
No signal found: competitive upper limit set.
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010

25. Conclusions ANTARES detector completed in May 2008
Detector operation and calibration under control
Maintenance capability demonstrated
Exciting physics program ahead
First results have been published
Data analysis is ongoing
Multi-messenger approach strongly pursued
Real-time readout and in-situ power capabilities facilitates
a large program of synergetic multi-disciplinary activities: biology, oceanography……
A multidisciplinary deep-sea research infrastructure
A Major step towards KM3NeT
Heide Costantini RICAP 2011, 26th May 2010 25