1. Community RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
(DCE3411)
Associate Prof. Dr. Roziah Mohd Rasdi
Dept. of Professional Development & Continuing Education
Faculty of Educational Studies
Universiti Putra Malaysia

2. Various Sector of Development
Community
Economy
Social
Infrastructure
Industry
Agriculture
Rural
Education

3. Economic Development
Changes in a country that involve increase in productivity.
Productivity is measured in various ways such as:
Gross National Income (GNI)
Gross National Income Per Capita
Growth Domestic Product (GDP)
Number of SME’s, large industries or MNCs

4. Gross National Income (GNI)
GNI (formerly gross national product-GNP) is a total cumulative production in a year that consists of incomes or revenues from the various sectors. Gross National Product in Malaysia increased to 273 MYR Billion in the fourth quarter of 2015 from MYR Billion in the third quarter of 2015.

5. Malaysia GNI per capita – PPP rates
PPP- Purchasing Power Parity Rates (
The GNI per capita is the dollar value of a country's final income in a year, divided by its population. It reflects the average income of a country's citizens.

6. Malaysia GNI per capita – Atlas Method
GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Atlas Method -

7. Malaysia Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The gross domestic product (GDP) measures of national income and output for a given country's economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malaysia was worth billion US dollars in The GDP value of Malaysia represents 0.55% of the world economy.

8. Social Development
Changes in a population that involves improvement in Quality of Life.
Indicators such as:
Better Health
Better Education
Social Integration

9. Life expectancy at birth, Malaysia, 2010-2015
Life expectancy at birth of Malaysian residents continued to rise every year. In 2015, a new-born is expected to live to 74.8 years, increased by 0.7 years as compared to 74.1 years in 2010.
Better Health
Mortality rate - under-5 (per 1;000) in Malaysia
Mortality rate in Malaysia was last measured at 7.20 in 2014, according to the World Bank. Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five.

10. Statistic of Literacy rate (% of people ages 15 and above) in Malaysia
Better Education
Statistic of Literacy rate (% of people ages 15 and above) in Malaysia

11. Social Integration Ethnic, religion, culture Urban and rural areas
West and East Malaysia

12. Infrastructural Development
Changes in physical amenities such as transportation system (highways), electricity and water supplies, and other public facilities such as buildings for commerce, administration, and public services.
Infrastructural development is positively related to changes in economic and social development.

13. Industrial Development
Involves changes in the various types of industries such as manufacturing, electrical and electronic (EE), SMIs, high-technology industries, downstream industries and agro-based industries
Important for employment and for contribution to GNP.
For domestic and export.

14. Agricultural Development
Involves changes in the production of agricultural commodities such palm-oil, paddy, livestock, forestry, fruits and vegetables.
Changes are accompanied by the use of agricultural technologies such as improved high-yielding varieties, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural management and drainage system.
Agricultural production contributes to economic development.

15. Rural Development
Comprises agricultural development and the development of the population in the rural areas.
Broader concept that also involves development in health, infrastructure and social.

16. REFERENCE Look for relevant articles at COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL

17. Thank You