1. THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW.
THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR QUIZZES and PRACTICAL TESTS.
STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR STUDYING THEIR MANUAL AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS

2. Lab # 13 and 14
Special Senses (page 333)

3. External and Accessory Structures of the Eye
Medial canthus
Lacrimal caruncle
Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal canals
They carry the tears to the lacrimal sac.
It produces tears.
Lateral canthus
Lacrimal sac
It collects tears and carries them to the nasolacrimal duct.
Nasolacrimal duct
It drains excess of tears to the nasal cavity.

4. Extraocular Muscles It moves the eyeball superiorly Trochlea
Superior rectus
Superior oblique
It moves the eyeball inferiorly and laterally
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
It moves the eyeball laterally
It moves the eyeball medially
Inferior oblique
Inferior rectus
It moves the eyeball superiorly and laterally
It moves the eyeball inferiorly

6. Actions and Innervation of the Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye
SUPERIOR RECTUS
It moves the eyeball superiorly
OCULOMOTOR (III)
INFERIOR RECTUS
It moves the eyeball inferiorly
OCULOMOTOR (III)
MEDIAL RECTUS
It moves the eyeball medially
OCULOMOTOR (III)
LATERAL RECTUS
It moves the eyeball laterally
ABDUCENS (VI)
It moves the eyeball inferiorly and laterally
SUPERIOR OBLIQUE
TROCHLEAR (IV)
It moves the eyeball superiorly and laterally
INFERIOR OBLIQUE
OCULOMOTOR (III)

7. LAYERS OF THE EYE BALL 1- The fibrous tunic
Sclera or white of the eye (protects and gives shape to the eyes)
1- The fibrous tunic
Cornea (clear outer part) (It allows the light to come in)
Choroid ( vascular layer the nourishes the retina)
Ciliary body
Ciliary muscle (tension the suspensory ligaments)
Ciliary process (produces the aqueous humor)
2- The vascular tunic or uvea
Iris (pigmented areas and intrinsic muscles that controls the size of the pupil)
Retina
Optic nerve
3- Sensory tunic

8. Layers and Chambers of the Eye Ball
Anterior cavity
Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
It contains aqueous humor
Fibrous tunic:
Vascular tunic (uvea):
Cornea
Iris
Sclera
Lens
Ciliary body
Suspensory ligaments
Choroid
Posterior cavity
Sensory tunic
It contains vitreous humor
Retina
Fovea centralis
Optic disc
It contains only cones, which are responsible for the sharpest vision.
It is called also blind spot because contains no photoreceptors.
Layers and Chambers of the Eye Ball
Optic nerve

18. Weber Test
The Weber test is a quick screening test for hearing. It can detect unilateral (one-side) conductive hearing loss and unilateral sensorineural (nerve) hearing loss. The test is named after Ernst Heinrich Weber (1795–1878).
In the Weber test a vibrating tuning fork (either 256 or 512 Hz) is placed in the middle of the forehead, chin, head equidistant from the patient's ears. The patient is asked to report in which ear the sound is heard louder.
In a normal patient, the sound is heard equally loud in both ears (no lateralization). However a patient with symmetrical hearing loss will have the same findings. Thus, there is diagnostic utility only in asymmetric hearing losses.
A patient with a unilateral conductive hearing loss would hear the tuning fork loudest in the affected ear. This is because the conduction problem masks the ambient noise of the room, whilst the well-functioning inner ear picks the sound up via the bones of the skull causing it to be perceived as a louder sound than in the unaffected ear.
A patient with a unilateral nerve hearing loss would hear the sound louder in the unaffected ear, because the affected ear is less effective at picking up sound even if it is transmitted directly by conduction into the inner ear.

19. or or Right ear louder: Left ear louder: Nerve deafness in left ear
Nerve deafness in right ear or or
Conduction deafness in right ear that masks the ambient noise of the room.
Conduction deafness in left ear that masks the ambient noise of the room.

20. Olfactory and taste Senses page 350
Meatuses:
Superior
Middle
Nasal conchae:
Inferior
Superior
Posterior nasal
aperture
Middle
Inferior
Vestibule
The Nasal Cavity

21. Olfactory nerve I:
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory tract
Sensory. It provides for the sense of smell.

22. Root or Pharyngeal portion They contain taste buds
The Tongue
Root or Pharyngeal portion
They contain taste buds
Body or Oral portion
They provide friction

23. Dendrites of sensory neurons
Taste Receptors
Transitional cells
They mature to become gustatory cells.
Basal cells
They divide to produce daughter cells that mature in stages.
Taste pore
Taste hairs (microvilli)
Dendrites of sensory neurons
Gustatory cells
Cranial nerves VII (facial), and IX (glossopharyngeal).