1. A survey on opinions about climate change, climate policy and the concept of science - among young scientists in Qingdao and Hamburg (2015 and 2017)
Hans von Storch123, Chen Xueen2 (陈学恩), Dennis Bray1 und Andreas Ullmann3
1Institut für Küstenforschung, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht
2Institute of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of China 中国海洋大学
3Universität Hamburg
6. März DKT, Frankfurt

2. Surveys:
Among environmental students in Qingdao: at the Ocean University of China (OUC) in two periods from May 1 to December 31, 2015 and from September 1 to The respondents were recruited both from the undergraduates and from the post-graduates (master level and PhD level). About 200 Chinese students were informed about the research project through a telephone request or through social network. A total of 87 undergraduates and post-graduates completed the online survey, which was drawn up both in English and in Chinese.
Among climate science students in Hamburg at the Cluster of Excellence “Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction” (CliSAP) at the Universität Hamburg from June 1 to June 26, The respondents were recruited from both the graduate school „School of Integrated Climate System Science“ (SICSS) and the CliSAP master's course. 42% were German nationals, 5% from Brazil and fewer from 24 other countries. A total of 116 graduates and post-graduates were contacted via and invited to participate in the online survey. 72 individuals finished the survey leading to an overall response rate of 62 percent.
The questions in the two surveys among students were identical.
No publications so far.

3. Surveys of international climate scholars
Five “Bray-and-von Storch”-surveys among international populations of climate scientists were designed and conducted, with the first in 1996 and the last in 2015, for studying their opinions on climate change, on climate models but also about the role of science and scientists in society and for policymaking. While questions were not strictly identical, many of the questions remained the same, and allow now an assessment to what extent opinions and perceptions among climate scientists have changed over time. In the presentation, some results derived from these surveys are reviewed. In the following we use results of the latest survey.
Surveys of Climate Scientists’ Perceptions of the Issue of Global Warming
1996
2003
2008
2013
2015
Sample (scientists)
1000
unknown
2677
4491
3879
Distribution (countries) 5 30 35 53
Distribution means
Hard Copy
Electronic
- uncontrolled
- posting request for participation on institutional lists
Electronic, controlled invitation
Response Rate approximatley
40%
558 (undetermined response rate)
18% 7%
17%
Number of Questions 74
106 76
132
126

6. Frequency of choices 1-7, in % to the question if “Climate change, whether real or anthropogenic is occurring now.”
sample
Not at all 2 3 4 5 6
Very much
Qingdao
2.4
10.7
14.3
20.2
47.6
Hamburg
1.3
2.7
17.3
76.0
international
0.2
1.7
5.3
12.2
79.3

13. Summary
We have run surveys among Qingdao and Hamburg students, featuring a set of identical questions, which have also been used in a series of five „Bray and von Storch“ surveys among climate researchers since We do not claim that your results would be representative for Chinese or German students; however, we propose a number of hypotheses, which need independent confirmation.
There is high confidence among Hamburg that climate change is real, and that the driving case is anthropogenic; this confidence is considerably smaller in Qingdao.
In Qingdao the dominant task of science is disentangling causes and effects, while in Hamburg it is „the motivation of people to act“.
The simulation of clouds and precipitation is not considered good, but hydrodynamics and radiation are considered much better. Hamburg students have more confidence in models than in the other two samples.

15. Surveys of Climate Scientists’ Perceptions of the Issue of Global Warming
1996
2003
2008
2013
2015
Sample
1000 scientists
unknown
Non-probability convenience – 2677 scientists
Non-probability convenience – 4491 scientists
Non-probability convenience – 3879 scientists
Distribution
5 countries
30 countries
35 countries 53
Distribution means
Hard Copy
Electronic
- uncontrolled
- posting request for participation on institutional lists
Electronic, controlled invitation
Electronic, controlled invitations
Response Rate
Appx. 40%
558 (undetermined response rate)
Appx 18%
Appx 7%
Appx 17%
No. Questions 74
106 76
132
126

16. Material and reports available on http://www.academia.edu
2015, data+code book at
2013 data+code book  at
2013 report
2008 report s_Concerning_Climate_Science_and_Climate_Change  
report ange_1996_and_2003