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Chemistry of Living Things
Chapter 2 Chemistry of Living Things
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Terms Chemistry Matter Energy
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Atoms Atom Subatomic particles Isotopes and radioactive isotopes
Smallest piece of an element Subatomic particles Proton Neutron Electron Isotopes and radioactive isotopes
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Atoms © 2014 Cengage Learning.
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Scans CAT scan or CT scan MRI PET scan
Bone, liver, brain, and spleen scans Sonography or ultrasound
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Terms Elements Compounds Molecules
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Chemical Bonds Ionic bond Covalent bond Hydrogen bond
One atom gives up an electron to another atom Covalent bond The atoms share electrons Hydrogen bond Helps hold water molecules together
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Chemical Bonds © 2014 Cengage Learning.
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Electrolytes Electrically charged particles that help determine fluid and acid-base balance
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Types of Compounds Inorganic compounds Organic compounds
Normally do not contain carbon Water is 55-65% of their weight Organic compounds Found in living things Always have carbon
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Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
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Carbohydrates Elements Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides
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Lipids Elements Fats Phospholipids Steroids
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Fats Phospholipids Steroids
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Proteins Elements Most diverse and essential organic compounds
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; and often, phosphorus and sulfur Most diverse and essential organic compounds Found in every living part of a living cell Amino acids
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Enzymes Specialized protein molecules Found in all living cells
Help control chemical reactions Organic catalysts Highly specific in their actions
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Nucleic Acids Organic compounds containing carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus Structure of nucleic acids DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid RNA Ribonucleic acid
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Acids Sour taste When dissolved in water, will ionize into positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) and negatively charged ions of some other element or more simply … Yields hydrogen ions (H+) in solution Litmus paper testing
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Bases Bitter taste Also called alkali
When dissolved in water, will ionize into negatively charged hydroxide (OH-) and positively charged ions of a metal Litmus paper testing
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Neutralization and Salts
Exchange reaction Acid + base = salt + water HCL + NaOH = NaCL + H2O
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pH Scale Measure of acidity or alkalinity Ranges from 0 to 14
pH of 7.0 = neutral pH = acid pH = alkaline
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Homeostasis Homeostasis is essential for living cells to function optimally Maintenance of a balanced pH Through a compound called a buffer (NaHCO3) Intracellular and extracellular fluids
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