1. Ch.3, Sec.3 – Changes of State
change of state: the change of a substance from one physical state to another
- in a physical change, the identity of a substance does not change (ice, liquid water, and steam are all water)
- to change a substance from one state to another, you must add or remove energy
melting: the change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding energy
- the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is the melting point of the substance

2. Ch.3, Sec.3 – Changes of State
- melting is an endothermic change because energy is gained by the substance as it changes state
freezing: the change of state from a liquid to a solid
- the temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid is the liquid’s freezing point
- freezing is an exothermic change because energy is removed from the substance as it changes state
evaporation: the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
boiling: the conversion of a liquid to a vapor when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure

3. Ch.3, Sec.3 – Changes of State
- the boiling point and melting point of substances always remains the same, regardless of how much of the substance is present!
- atmospheric pressure is lower at higher elevations, so water boils at a lower temperature in higher elevations
condensation: the changes of state from a gas to a liquid
- because energy must be removed from the gas to slow the movement of the molecules, condensation is an exothermic change

4. Ch.3, Sec.3 – Changes of State
sublimation: the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas
- for a solid to change directly into a gas the molecules must have enough energy to move from being tightly packed together to far apart
- therefore, if energy must be gained for the molecules to overcome their attraction, sublimation is a form of _________________ change?
endothermic

5. Ch.3, Sec.3 – Changes of State

6. Ch.3, Sec.3 – Changes of State
- the temperature of a substance does not change during a change of state
- the temperature of a substance does not change until the change of state is complete – boiling water stays at 100° C (212° F)