1. The Redemptive Era
The control of Southern states by the ___________________Party in the South not only signaled the end of Reconstruction, but also the end of most of the ______________ rights that African-Americans had gained during that period.
This picture illustrates the future of African-Americans in the USA

2. The Bourbon Triumvirate
Time span:
1870s-1890s
Democrats Goal:
reclaim the state from scalawags & ________________________
Make Georgia self-sufficient
Lower _____________
Diversify Georgia’s economy
Help with economic improvements… but they largely _________________ the needs of poor whites and blacks

3. The Bourbon Triumvirate
Alfred Holt Colquitt
Governor: 1876
Reduced state debt; new state constitution 1877
Joseph E. Brown
Governor: 1857
promoted states’ rights and supported radical reconstruction
John B Gordon
Governor: 1886
Reduced state debt; brought new industry to state

4. Decline of the Bourbon Triumvirate
“Independent Democrats” criticized the Bourbons for not attending to the needs of the _______________ or improve education and _________________________ conditions in factories.
Leaders William and Rebecca ___________________ worked to improve conditions for poor Georgians using newspapers to highlight problems in the state.
The convict lease system “___________________” prisoners to companies to use as workers. It took many years for the poor conditions the prisoners endured to be brought to light and changed.

5. The Feltons William Felton Rebecca Latimer Felton ___________________
Farmer
Methodist Preacher
________________ Speaker
Independent Democrats
Rebecca Latimer Felton
Supported her husband’s political causes
His Campaign leader

6. The Feltons
Used their newspaper, The ___________________ to attack the Bourbons
Wanted to help…
__________________
Lower middle class
HATED the Convict Lease System
They pushed for improvements in:
- education
- Prison reform
- Limits on ________________
- They planted the roots of what would become the Populist Party.

7. Rebecca Latimer Felton
Leader in the…
Suffrage Movement:
Working to get women the right to vote
The _________________ Amendment granted _____________________ the right to vote (1920)
Temperance Movement:
Anti-Alcohol Movement
The ___________________ Amendment banned the sale and manufacture of _______________________

8. The Convict Lease System
__________________ were leased (hired out) to people who provided them with housing and food in exchange for __________
Housing was usually substandard; food not healthful and in meager amounts
Prisoners were treated very poorly and often denied __________ necessities

9. The Convict Lease System
How did this happen?
Why did this happen?
Several key factors:
Cheap labor was necessary to ___________________ and then allow Southern agriculture to flourish
Many whites wanted to maintain the _______________________ of their race over blacks
Whites dominated all facets of power in the South and few whites chose to even try and challenge this ‘system’
Arresting able-bodied blacks meant
Immediate financial gain for the sheriff and local ______________
Longer term revenue for county/state
Met need for cheap labor which allowed economy to grow
Met social desire to keep whites __________________

10. Practical Example
John Davis, African American, arrested in Goodwater Georgia, 1901
Arrested by Robert Franklin, constable and owner of a dry-goods store
Accused of owing $40 to Franklin
$35 in fines added for a total of $75
Wealthy land owner pays the $75 and ‘contracts’ Davis to work for 10 months.
(p )

11. Financial Incentives Cost to the companies:
Additional costs tacked on:
$6 per month per man (Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad, 1903)
Pay to a free laborer ($ 1-3 per day)
No cost or fine if a convict died while in custody of the company
Bogus charges often added and paperwork simply lost
State income for could equate to10% of total revenues
.50 for sheriff to deliver a warrant
$1 for making an arrest
.35 for the clerk who certified court documents
.60 cent fees for judge and sheriff
.50 cents for each white witness

12. How did it work?
Companies would ___________________ with individual sheriffs or even with the state
Companies provided:
“prisons” – lock up space
Guards – who could chain, beat, shoot and torture
Clothing
_____________
Medical care

13. The New South
* Term given to the South because it showed a new economic growth and prosperity after the Reconstruction and Redemption periods. *
This is an essential question for this section of the chapter.

14. Henry ________________
Editor of the Atlanta Constitution newspaper from
Urged Georgians to forget the past and create a “________________ SOUTH”
He supported a new line of thinking between the “old South” which “rested everything on slavery and agriculture, unconscious that these could neither give nor maintain healthy growth,” and a “new south” – thrilling with the consciousness of growing power and prosperity

15. Economic Plan of the New South
He urged GA to:
Develop _________ within the state
Promoted industrializing and modernizing the ________________.
In response, the North began to ___________ in Georgia
In the late 1800s, northerners invested in southern textile mills. Women provided much of the cheap labor.

16. Other notable Grady improvements:
Grady pushed for social equality
Grady promoted the creation in Atlanta of the Georgia Institute of _________________, a state vocational-education school.

17. Henry Grady’s Most Famous Speech
"Once I attended an unusually sad funeral in Pickens County…. They buried him in the midst of a marble quarry. They cut through solid marble to make his grave, and yet the little headstone they put above him came from Vermont. They buried him in the heart of a pine forest and yet the rude pine coffin was imported from Cincinnati. They buried him within touch of an iron mine, and yet the nails in the coffin and the shovel they used was imported from Pittsburgh. They buried him by the side of the best sheep-grazing country on earth, and yet the wool inside the coffin and the wool bands they used in lowering his body were brought from the North. The South furnished nothing for that funeral but the hole in the ground and the corpse.“
Let’s look at this one!
What resources did the South possess according to the paragraph?
What resources did the South import for the funeral?
Why is this ironic?

18. The International Cotton Exposition
_____________
One of the principle planners was Henry Grady.
___________________ hosted the International Cotton Exposition to show off the South’s new industries
They spotlighted attention on GA’s cotton __________________ industry!
Business grew up long the railroads which provided transportation for raw materials and finished goods.

19. The International Cotton Exposition
Equipment for making textiles was _____________
Southern agricultural products were shown
Ex) Sugar, rice & tobacco
New _______________ were created & millions of dollars were invested in Atlanta
Atlanta became the “__________________ hub” of the New South
Why would a phoenix be a cool symbol of the International Cotton Exposition?

20. The Populist Party
Populism: political idea that supported the rights of the “common” people in their struggle with the wealthy people
Poor farmers and low wage workers were followers of the Populist Party
Tom Watson, famous Georgia Populist, worked for the passage of the Rural Free Delivery bill so that mail would be delivered to rural areas for free

21. The Populist Party in GA
Who was in charge?
Tom ___________________:
Lawyer
Focused on GA’s ___________ and struggling farmers
He passed the _________________
___________________ Delivery Bill
Elected to the GA General Assembly
Elected to the US Congress by Georgia
Concerned about poor African-American farmers
Wanted the races to work ________________ to help farmers

22. The Populist Party & Rural Free Delivery
This Bill promised free mail delivery to __________________ farmers (1893)
How might this change people’s lives?
______________ in the Post office
Increased speed of mail delivery
MOST IMPORTANT: the construction of new ____________ and bridges

23. Neill Primary Act
The Neill Primary Act
Allowed smaller, less populated white dominated counties in Georgia to have greater power and influence in the General Assembly than the larger, more populated counties
Created the County Unit System
Smaller counties had more county unit “votes” even though they had fewer voters …People could be elected to office without getting a majority of votes
Went against proportional representation
Top 8 counties - 6 unit votes = 40 total votes
Middle 30 counties – 4 unit votes = 120 total votes
Small 121 counties – 2 units = 242 total votes
Declared unconstitutional in 1962

24. Atlanta Race Riots 1906
Successful African Americans were taking jobs from whites
Feeling threatened, white mobs attacked black businesses and individuals in Atlanta
At least 25 people were ________________ in the riots
Led to the rise of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (________________)