1. The New Deal
Ch. 15

2. The Presidential Election of 1932

3. The Election of 1932
FDR: “I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people.”
The Democratic platform:
Repeal prohibition
Balance the budget
Sweeping social and economic reforms to end the “Hoover depression” 3

4. The Election of 1932 4

5. The Appeal of FDR 5

6. “Yes, You Remembered Me”6

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10. May Avenue bridge, southside, Canadian River10

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13. Changing family & social life
Increased divorce rates
Increased suicide rates
Decreased marriage rates
Decreased birth rates 13

14. The New Deal The First Hundred Days The Brain Trust & the Cabinet
Passed 15 bills
The Brain Trust & the Cabinet
Group of academics and professionals to help create the New Deal
Goals: Relief, Recovery, Reform
Stabilize the financial sector
Provide jobs
Increase consumer purchasing power
Reduce agricultural production 14

15. Lewis Douglas Harry Hopkins Frances Perkins Harold Ickes Henry Wallace15

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17. FDR signs the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act, June 16, 1933
The Financial Sector
March 6-9, 1933 – the Bank Holiday
Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933
Purpose:
To DO something
Inspect banks for solvency
Restore public confidence in the system
FDR’s first “fireside chat”
Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act
Created the FDIC
Insured individual deposits up to $5,000 (today up to $250,000)
FDR signs the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act, June 16, 1933 17

18. The Financial Sector Going off the Gold Standard
First steps to a “managed currency” economy
The purpose:
inflation
Relieve debtors’ burdens
Stimulate new production 18

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20. A CCC Camp and Corpsmen in Texas
The CCC
FDR’s favorite program
Employed young men age 16-25
Government camps
Reforestation projects
Fire-fighting
Flood control
Swamp drainage
Workers were required to send home most of their pay
A CCC Camp and Corpsmen in Texas 20

21. The FERA Unemployed adults Immediate relief Harry L. Hopkins
“We will spend and spend, tax and tax, and elect and elect.”
$3 billion to the states for direct dole payments & wages on work projects
Included the CWA 21

22. The AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act
Helped farmers with their mortgage payments
Promote “Artificial scarcity” to raise prices
Eliminate crop surpluses by paying growers to reduce their crop acreage
Kill off excess livestock 22

23. The NRA The second of the twin centerpieces of the New Deal
Support the industrial sector
Reduce unemployment
Individual industries create codes of “fair competition”
Specify prices and quality
Increase # employed by reducing hours
Minimum wage levels were established
Protections for Organized Labor
The right to bargain collectively
Restrictions on child labor 23

24. The NRA 24

25. The TVA Tennessee Valley Authority
Built dams to control floods and create electricity
Successfully delivered
Full employment
Cheap electricity
Low cost housing
Restoration of eroded soil
Reforestation
Abundant cheap nitrates
Improved navigation
Flood control
A model for projects in the West
FDR signs the TVA Act 25

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27. The Second New Deal
Promote the general welfare and protect citizen’s rights
Addressed the poor, elderly, and unemployed

28. The WPA Provide jobs Harry Hopkins, again Spent about $11 billion
Public buildings
Bridges
Hard surfaced roads
Needy high school and college students
The Federal Writers Project
The Federal Theatre Project 28

29. The SSA Designed to cushion future depressions
Federal-state unemployment insurance
Old-age insurance
Financed by a payroll tax on both employers and employees
Inspired by programs in highly industrialized western Europe 29

30. The Wagner Act National Labor Relations Act of 1935
Created the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
Guaranteed the right to join labor unions and bargain collectively
NLRB arbitrated disputes between labor and management 30

31. The CIO Congress of Industrial Organizations
Unskilled labor began to organize
John L. Lewis
United Mine Workers
Formed in 1935
Sit-down strike at General Motors 31

32. UAW United Automobile Workers Union
Staged a sit-down strike occupying one of General Motors’ plants
Refused to leave until an agreement was reached
Lasted 44 days until General Motors agreed to recognize the UAW

33. The Fair Labor Standards Act
“Wages and Hours Bill”
Forty cents an hour
Forty hour work week
Labor by children under 16 (18 if hazardous work) was prohibited
Agricultural, service, and domestic workers were excluded from coverage, effectively preventing blacks, Mexican-Americans, and women from the benefits of the act 33

34. The Election of 1936 34

35. Court Packing Scheme The Court was ultraconservative
FDR regarded the Court as obstructive
FDR’s plan:
Add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over seventy who would not retire
Maximum membership would be limited to fifteen justices 35

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40. “To Furnish The Supreme Court Practical Assistance”
(Missing Caption) 40

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42. Critics of the New Deal 42

43. Too Much or Not Enough? Right says too much Left says not enough
Made the government too powerful
Felt the New Deal destroyed free enterprise
Threatened individual freedom
Left says not enough
Felt FDR’s only concern was banks and big business

44. Populist Critics Francis Townsend- Charles Coughlin-
Federal gov should provide $200 a month to elderly over 60
Charles Coughlin-
FDR didn’t do enough
Senator Huey Long-
Proposed high taxes on wealthy
Redistribution of their income to the poor

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50. Women and the New Deal
First lady, Eleanor Roosevelt, toured the country
Wanted to advance public health and education
Frances Perkins- first female cabinet member
Women were allowed to work in some of the New Deal programs

51. African Americans and the New Deal
Unemployment- 50%
Eleanor protested against racial discrimination
FDR asked African American leaders to advise him- “Black Cabinet”
Didn’t always follow their advice

52. New Deal Coalition Strong political force
Whites, African Americans, poor farmers, blue-collar workers
Gave the Democratic party a majority in both houses of congress

53. Government Role Expands
Increased president’s influence
New Deal increased the size and scope of the federal gov
Began to do things it had never done before
Took part in spurring economic growth
Withdrew taxes from paychecks
Rise of welfare state
Provide help for sick, elderly, poor, children, disabled