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What are Mutations? Are Mutations good or bad?

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Presentation on theme: "What are Mutations? Are Mutations good or bad?"— Presentation transcript:

1 What are Mutations? Are Mutations good or bad?

2 CAUSES OF MUTATIONS GENETIC ENVIRONMENTAL Errors in DNA REPLICATION
Errors in TRANSCRIPTION Errors in CELL DIVISION Radiation: Xrays, UV Chemicals High temperatures viruses MUTAGEN: any thing that causes a mutation; MUTANT: organism that expresses a mutation

3 Mutations: a change/mistake in DNA
CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS GENE MUTATIONS Affect a single gene or trait Not always bad Give variety in traits Mistake in a chromosome Affect MANY genes/traits Rare More serious

4 GENE MUTATIONS POINT MUTATIONS FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS Change in ONE BASE
EX: GCA – GTA Affect ONE amino acid THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT CAT ATE THE BAT Deletion or insertion of a base EX: TAC GCA TAT CGC A (T was inserted after first A) Affects ALL amino acids after mutation THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT CCA TAT ETH ERA T…

5 CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS DELETION…loss of parts or all of chromosome
DUPLICATION…extra copies of parts of chromosome INVERSION…part of chromosome becomes oriented in the reverse of its usual direaction TRANSLOCATION…part of chromosome breaks off & attaches to another chromosome

6

7 SOMATIC vs. GERM cell Mutations
SOMATIC = BODY CELLS GERM cells = SEX CELLS Occur in body cells Affect individual only Occur in GAMETES Egg or sperm Do not affect individual CAN affect offspring

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