1. Social 30-2: Ideologies
Related issue i: Should ideology be the foundation of identity?
Chapter 3: Should the values of collectivism shape an ideology?

2. Chapter Issue: Should the values of collectivism shape an ideology?
Questions for Inquiry:
What are some key understandings of collectivism?
How are the values of collectivism expressed politically?
How are the values of collectivism expressed economically?
How are the values of collectivism expressed socially?

3. Understandings of Collectivism
What are some key understandings of collectivism?

4. Early Collectivist Ideas
Early human societies were collectivist
Why?
Common good
Leroy Little Bear (p. 69)
Interconnectedness among people in a society
Some First Nations’ worldviews
Holistic
Figure 3-4 (p. 70)

5. Political Expressions of Collectivism
How are the values of collectivism expressed politically?

6. Roots of Collectivism in Politics
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Thomas Hobbes
Karl Marx
Social contract with other members of society
Individuals voluntarily give up their self-interests to follow the collective will
Promotes common good of society
Encourages liberty and equality among individuals
Applies to everyone
Development of democracy and ideologies of socialism and communism
Individuals swapped freedom for security
Strong government to govern everyone’s interests
To avoid constant conflict with one another
The Communist Manifesto
Capitalism = poor living and working conditions for working-class people
Classless society
Workers unite, take collective control of industries and properties
Property shared for common good and not for a handful

7. Collective Interest A fundamental idea in most collectivist ideologies
What is it?
Individual decisions are based on what?
Is individual excellence encouraged
Self-interest…can be punished
Foundation of social movements and lobby groups
L’Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) and Assembly of First Nations (AFN)
Change and reform
Political expression of collective interest: collective rights
Labour unions  better contracts/working conditions

8. Collective Responsibility
Group’s responsibility for the actions of all individual members
Individuals have a responsibility to the group rather than to themselves
Voices: Collective Responsibility in Aboriginal Communities

9. Collective Responsibility (cont’d)
Collective Responsibility and the Legal System
Khawater 7 – Episode 9 Everyone makes mistakes
Restorative justice programs
Mediated communication between victim and offender
Family group conferencing
Sentencing circles (offender has strong ties to community where crime was committed)
Calgary Community Conferencing
Sentences reached by consensus

10. Collective Responsibility (cont’d)
Collective Responsibility in North Korea
Ideology is a form of communism
EXTREME form of collective responsibility
See Kwon Hyok, former of Head of Security of North Korea, defected to South Korea in 1999
Page 76/77

11. Hmmm… Explain the idea of collective responsibility in your own words.
Provide examples of collective responsibility from your own experience.

12. Economic Expressions of Collectivism
How are the values of collectivism expressed economically?

13. Roots of Collectivism in Economics
1800s: Industrial Revolution
Mechanical inventions used to produce goods, previously hand-made goods
Large factories built = larger and wealthier middle class
Workers got the shorter end of the stick
In what ways?
Political ideas focused on growing gap between rich and poor
Karl Marx
See Figure 3-10 The Development of Society According to Marx (p. 79)

14. Integrating Values of Collectivism and Individualism
Do all Canadians make the same-ish amount of money?
Same-ish quality of life?
How does Canada integrate values of both Collectivism and Individualism when it comes to the economy?
How do Canadians “share the wealth”?

15. Public Property What is it?
It addresses the issue of economic inequality
Marx: all industries could be public property; property controlled by the state for the common good of the collective
Collective ownership of factories and businesses
How does public property act as a motivation?
Is there a difference if the collective/group is large or small?
Crown land and Crown corporations
Religious communities and collectivist values: Hutterites practice “community of goods” (based on Bible interpretation)

16. Privatization of Natural Resources
Governments with collectivist values prefer government ownership
Governments with individualist values prefer private ownership
Harvesting & privatization of natural resources  harmful consequences for society
Example: 1999, the Bolivian governments granted Bechtel (an American company) a 40 year privatization lease to control the supply of water in the city of Cochabamba
Page 83-84
Reading Guide

17. Co-operatives
An enterprise that is owned and operated by a group of people for their mutual benefit. It provides products/services to its members.
Guiding principles:
Voluntary and open membership
Democratic control by members
Economic participation by members
Examples: daycares, health care centres, stores, credit unions
Advantages?
Disadvantages?

18. Social Expressions of Collectivism
How are the values of collectivism expressed socially?

19. Co-operation Sharing is caring Team [work]
It all comes down to a common goal
--when individuals put the goals of the group ahead of their personal goals and when public property is shared to some extent by everyone, people are demonstrating a social expression of collective values.--

20. Social Expressions of Collective Responsibility
We discussed Collective Responsibility in the Political Expressions of Collectivism section
The group is responsible for the actions of the individuals of the group
Individuals have a responsibility to the group rather than only themselves
Collective responsibility has social implications
What is an example?
Do you demonstrate social expressions of collective values, such as that of collective responsibility? Why?
Do you consider the effects of your decisions on future generations? (p. 88)

21. Adherence to Collective Norms
How can individuals be persuaded to align their self-interests with the collective interest of the group?
Incentive?
Ie. Adherence to collective norms…
What does this mean?
Pressure to ‘fit in’ aka High school
How could collective norms have a positive and negative impact on some members of a collective?
How could adherence to collective norms be useful in a society based on collectivism?

22. At this point, you should be able to respond to the initial chapter inquiries…
What are some key understandings of collectivism?
How are the values of collectivism expressed politically?
How are the values of collectivism expressed economically?
How are the values of collectivism expressed socially?
Related Issue I: Should ideology be the foundation of identity?