1. Kinetic Energy Transfer
8th Grade Science

2. Think!
What are some ways that energy is transferred?

3. With your group share some ways that you think energy is transferred between particles/objects.
As a group create a model demonstrating the transfer of energy. Your model must:
Include labels and arrows showing the transfer of energy
Include at least two objects
Be a real world example
Include ideas or labor from every group member

4. Share Groups present and Compare
What were some models that other people came up with?
Do you see any similarities with your model? Differences?

5. Answer these questions to the best of your ability.
What are some types of energy?
What is potential energy?

7. Design it!
With your group you are going to design a Rube Goldberg machine. Your machine must:
Transfer energy among at least five different types of items
Include materials only found in this room (without breaking them)
Include ideas or labor from every member of your group

8. Present it! Create a poster about your Rube Goldberg machine
Your poster must
Include a title
Include a labeled diagram of your machine
Use at least three colors
explain how energy moves among the items in your machine
Link your machine to another concept whether in science or another discipline

9. Compare it Leave behind two people to present your project
Send two other people from your group around to gather information about the other groups
What materials did they use?
What did they do that was similar to your group? What did they do that was different?
Did that affect the amount of energy passed and the amount of energy the machine ended up with?
Do they meet criteria? (title, 3 colors, connection, labeled, explain energy transformations/transfers)

10. What is Energy?
Energy is what makes matter do something

11. Energy Transfer vs. Energy Transformation
Energy TRANSFER is the passing of energy from one object to another object.
Energy TRANSFORMATION is the changing of energy from one form of energy to another form of energy.

12. So a magnifying glass concentrates light energy until it is transformed into thermal energy

13. Types of Energy Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Stored Energy
Energy that is waiting
Kinetic Energy
Energy in Motion
Energy that is happening

14. Radiant (electromagnetic)
Mechanical
Kinetic energy that an object has because of its motion
Example: Baseball and bat
There is energy in the bat as it swings. As it hits the ball, it exerts a force on the ball which changes the direction of the ball and makes it move a certain distance
Potential energy of an object because of its position
Radiant (electromagnetic)
Kinetic energy from electromagnetic radiation
Light (light actually moves through space)
Sound
Kinetic energy that exists through the vibrating waves through a substance
We hear things because these sound waves vibrate our eardrums

15. Gravitational Chemical
Potential energy that an object has because of its position above a surface
Influenced by mass and height (more potential energy for higher and objects with more mass)
Example: Rock structure
Chemical
Potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules
The energy used to keep the atoms connected together
Example: glowstick - when you break it the two liquids mix and as the chemical reaction occurs light energy is released

16. Heat (thermal) Electrical Nuclear
Kinetic energy from the movement of particles of a substance
The more thermal energy, the higher the temperature
Electrical
Kinetic energy that comes from the movement of electrons through stuff
Example: copper wire like what is in a plug
Nuclear
Potential energy stored in the nucleus of atoms
It is there because of the force that holds protons and neutrons together in the atoms nucleus
Energy is released when the nucleus is split

17. The Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy is never created or destroyed!
The total amount of energy will always remain the same!
Some energy may be considered ‘lost”
Think of a toaster making toast. Some of the energy goes to the toast, but some of it is lost. In fact, if you put your hand above the toaster you can feel the energy being lost and transferred to the air around it
Energy can be transformed into a new type of energy

19. Conduction, Convection, Radiation Three ways Energy is Transferred
Conduction: how energy is transferred through molecules that are touching
Examples: pan on a hot stove, pain through your nerves, electricity through a wire
Convection: how energy is transferred through a fluid
Example: Earth’s core
Radiation: how energy is transferred through waves
Example: sun through air onto you, door handle, car, etc.

20. Homework
Think of some cycles and systems in our universe (i.e., the recycling of rock within the Earth, water cycles, processes within living organisms, the formation of stars, etc.). Explain how energy is transferred or transformed throughout your cycle. For this assignment, I am looking to be sure you have:
A well illustrated (drawn or printed) picture of the process
A well-written explanation about how energy is transferred or transformed throughout your cycle or system
Correct science knowledge and application of terms
This is due on Friday 8/31