1. More air pressure at Earth’s surface. Warm air is less dense & rises.
  Air Pressure & Density
More air pressure at Earth’s surface.
Warm air is less dense & rises.
Cold air is more dense & sinks.

2. Convection
Currents!

3. Unequal Heating
Air always moves from high pressure to low pressure. Warm air rises and creates a low pressure system. Cold air sinks and creates a high pressure system.

4. Unequal Heating of Earth: Land vs. Water
  Unequal Heating of Earth: Land vs. Water * Land and water heat up and cool down at different rates because they absorb different amounts of solar radiation. * Oceans will take a longer time to cool down in winter, making coastal areas warmer than usual.

5. Heating and Cooling of Land and Water Mystery…Can You Help Solve It?

6. The Teacher Has Performed An Experiment and Asks That YOU Help Make Some Conclusions About the Data or Information Gathered.

7. Experiment Materials and Procedures: The Teacher Used A Thermometer, A Heat Lamp, A Cup of Sand, and A Cup of Water to Find the Temperatures of Both the Sand and The Water Over Two Hours.

8. DATA FROM THE EXPERIMENT
TEMPERATURES OF THE SAND
The First Hour It Was Heating Up & The Second Hour It Was Cooling Down
15 Minutes
30 Minutes
45 Minutes
1 Hour
68 Degrees
74 Degrees
88 Degrees
93 Degrees
76 Degrees
TEMPERATURES OF THE WATER
71 Degrees
83 Degrees
89 Degrees
87 Degrees
81 Degrees
77 Degrees
73 Degrees

9. Unequal Heating
What heats up quicker? What heats up slower? At night, which cools down quicker? Which cool down slower?

10. CONCLUSION
Land Heats Up And Cools Down Faster Than Water! During the day, land heats faster than a body of water, so the air above the land becomes warmer. The warm air expands and creates a low-pressure system. The cooler air above the body of water blows inland and under the warm air. At night, the opposite happens.

11. Unequal Heating Land heats up quickly. Land cools down quickly.
Water heats up slowly.
Water cools down slowly.

12. Global and Local Winds

13. Winds

15. Why does Air Move ?
The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure is called Wind
Air moves from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure
Differences in air pressure is caused by unequal heating of the earth
*the SUN is the major source of energy for heating that generates winds
Air at the equator is warmer and less dense so it rises creating an area of low pressure
At the poles, the air is colder and more dense so it sinks creating areas of high pressure
This cold polar air then flows towards the equator

16. What causes winds? Lots of difference Differences in air pressure
More of a difference in pressure = faster winds
Lots of difference

17. Local Winds
Local Winds generally move short distances and can blow from any direction; caused by unequal heating of Earth’s surface within a small area
They are affected by the geographical features of an area, which can produce temperature differences that cause local winds
Types:
Sea breeze & land Breeze
Mountain breeze & valley breeze

18. Why is the ocean colder than the land during the day and warmer than the land during the night?

19. Sea Breeze (Morning)
Land heats up faster than water. Hot air over land rises (Low Pressure), cool air over water falls (High Pressure). Winds move from the water (High Pressure) to the land (Low Pressure).

20. Sea Breeze (Morning)
Land heats up faster than water. Hot air over land rises (Low Pressure), cool air over water falls (High Pressure). Winds move from the water (High Pressure) to the land (Low Pressure).

21. Land Breeze (Evening)
Land cools off faster than water. Cool air over land falls (High Pressure), warm air over water rises (Low Pressure). Winds move from the land (High Pressure) to the water (Low Pressure).

22. Land Breeze (Evening)
Land cools off faster than water. Cool air over land falls (High Pressure), warm air over water rises (Low Pressure). Winds move from the land (High Pressure) to the water (Low Pressure).

23. Valley Breeze (Day)
During the day the sun warms the air slopes, starting with the top.
Cooler air moves from valley to replace warmer air, creating a breeze.

24. Mountain Breeze (Night)
Air near the top gets cool and sinks, replacing the warm air in the valley.
This cool air moves down the slopes into the valley, producing a mountain breeze!

25. Global Winds
Created by unequal heating of Earth’s surface which causes air to move between the equator and the poles. (equator gets more heat than the poles).
Air wants to move from high to low pressure.
Warm air (less dense) rises at the equator and cold air (more dense) sinks at the poles..

26. Global Winds
The global wind pattern is also known as the "general circulation" and the surface winds of each hemisphere are divided into three wind belts

27. Coriolis Effect.
As the Earth rotates, winds and currents move in a curved path, called the coriolis effect.

29. GLOBAL WIND PATTERNS

30. Global Wind Belts Major global wind systems:
Polar easterlies, westerlies, and trade winds.

31. Global Wind Belts Easterlies:
Global (prevailing winds) that blow from the poles, moving from east to west.

32. Global Wind Belts Westerlies
Global winds that move from west to the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.

33. Global Wind Belts Trade Winds
global winds found near the equator blowing from latitudes 30*N & 30*S.

34. Jet Streams
high speed winds found in Upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Blow from west to east at speeds of km/hr.
Help airplanes save fuel and time when traveling east.

35. Doldrums Latitude where the trade winds meet around the equator
Very little wind because the warm air rising = low pressure

36. Horse Latitudes
High pressure areas… 300N and 300S
Very weak winds

37. Anemometer- a device used to measure wind speed
Anemometer- a device used to measure wind speed. Wind vanes measure wind direction.

38. Study Jams Video- Air Pressure and Wind http://studyjams. scholastic