1. Learning Targets
1). You need to understand what the electromagnetic spectrum is as well as how it is organized.
2). You must be able to describe the relationship between frequency and wavelength.
3). You must understand why scientists use telescopes to learn about the universe.

2. Astronomy Basics What is Astronomy? How can we study it?
The study of the universe beyond our atmosphere.
How can we study it?
Study things that make it to Earth
Meteorites
Samples Collected
Study the light that makes it to Earth

3. Electromagnetic Spectrum
What is Light?
Electromagnetic Spectrum
EMS
We call the electromagnetic spectrum light
This includes waves of all different energies….
NOT just visible light

4. Wavelength and Frequency
Wave Energy
Electromagnetic
Spectrum
Wavelength and Frequency
Sorted by Wavelength and Frequency
Wavelength: The distance until a wave repeats itself
Frequency: Amount of waves in a given time interval.
Inversely Related

5. Telescopes
Galileo is credited with improving upon designs of telescopes as well as using them to study space.
Invented by: Hans Lippershey,Zacharias Janssen, and Jacob Metius around 1608
Collect light information from the universe
Telescopes have 3 benefits that keep us using them to study space.

6. Benefits to Utilizing Telescopes to Study Space
You can attach different detectors on telescopes.
These can pick up any portion of the electromagnetic spectrum
Even those not visible to the human eye
Telescopes can focus much more light then the human eye.
The larger the opening through which light enters the higher the light collecting power of the telescope.

7. Benefits to Utilizing Telescopes to Study Space
Telescopes allow astronomers to use specialized equipment.
Exp: Devices that collect more data
Photometer
Telescopes can collect light over a very long period of time continuously
Time Exposures

8. Learning Targets
1). You need to be able to describe the various types of telescopes; reflecting, refracting, those that use different wavelengths .
2). You must be able to explain the advantages of space based telescopes.
3). Must be able to describe other ways scientists gain information about the universe around them.

9. Goal of all telescopes:
TO BRING AS MUCH RADIATION AS POSSIBLE TO A FOCUS

10. Types of Telescopes Named because these telescopes bend light.
Refracting Telescope
Refracting Telescope
Named because these telescopes bend light.
Uses lenses to focus light
Invented 1st: around 1600.
The largest practical lens size in a refracting telescope is around 1 meter
This limits size and light gathering ability
Lens sagging

11. Types of Telescopes Majority of telescopes used Reflecting Telescope
Named because light is bounced off mirrors
Robert Hooke built the 1st working model
Uses mirrors to focus light.
Single mirror
Combination of many mirrors
Can be much larger then refracting telescopes
Majority of telescopes used

12. Telescopes Found away from cities
Lights affect image clarity
High Locations
Less atmosphere to distort images
Used in all wavelengths to find out about the universe

13. Radio Telescope Radio Wave Telescopes look like huge satellite dishes
Radio Wave Collection
Interferometry
Radio Wave Telescopes look like huge satellite dishes
Radio Waves are converted into electrical signals and then stored on a computer.
Linking separate telescopes together so that they act as one telescope.

14. Learning Targets
1). You must be able to explain the advantages of space based telescopes.
2). You must be able to describe the Hubble mission
3). Must be able to describe other ways scientists gain information about the universe around them; space exploration and probes.

15. Why Send Telescopes Into Space?
1). Earth’s atmosphere blocks infrared, UV, gamma, and x-rays from hitting Earth
Hard to observe these from Earth
2).Images of radiation that make it to Earth are blurred
3). Close-up Images and Obtain Samples

16. Hubble Space Telescope
Hubble Facts
Hubble’s Cameras
Hubble has revealed the age of the universe to be about 13 to 14 billion years
Discovered dark energy
Discovered galaxies in all stages of evolution
Hubble completes a spin around Earth every 97 minutes
moving at the speed of about five miles per second

17. Hubble Space Telescope
Sent into orbit in 1990
Expected to end mission in 2014
Reflecting Telescope
Hubble’s Cameras
Wide Field Camera 3
Cosmic Origins Spectrograph
Advanced Camera for Surveys
Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph
Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer
Fine Guidance Sensors

18. Other Forms of Space Based Observation
Space-crafts:
Used for exploring planets within our solar system
Robotic probes can land and collect information directly
Luna 16
First unmanned robotic sample return probe from Moon.
Lunokhod 1
First rover on Moon.
Mariner 10
First probe to Mercury.
Venera 3
Probe from the Soviet Union was the first man-made spacecraft to impact on another planet (Venus).
Venera 7
The Venera 7 probe was the first to transmit data from there back to Earth.
Mariner 9
Upon its arrival at Mars on November 13, 1971, Mariner 9 became the first space probe to maintain orbit around another planet
Mars 3
First soft landing on Mars.
Sojourner
1ST Successful robot landing on Mars