1. Defining the Problem
CIVE 4312
Hanadi Rifai

2. A problem statement should focus on the
function(s) to be performed by any
viable solution.
Example: Designing a better ink pen
Need fast-drying ink
Need uniform flow
Solution: ball-point ink pens!

3. Formulating the Real Problem
Engineering is an iterative process, reconsider:
Assumptions
Decisions
Conclusions
Initial problem statement may be vague, ill-conceived or incorrect
Incorrect problem statement unlikely to lead to optimal solution

4. Methods for Problem Forumulation
Statement-Restatement Technique
Source and Cause – Why-Why Diagrams
Revision Method
Present State and Desired State – Dunker Diagrams
What is wrong with it?
Benchmarking and Best Practices
Fresh Eye Approach

5. Statement-Restatement Technique
Determine the “real” problem
Determine the actual constraints
Identify meaningful goals
Identify inputs, outputs, unknowns

6. Determining “Real” problem
Varying the emphasis on words in problem statement
Substituting explicit definitions of terms
Changing positive terms to negatives
Replacing persuasive and/or implied words with reasoning behind them

7. Determining Constraints
Relax constraints
Quantitative not qualitative
Eliminate perceived or imagined boundaries

8. Identifying Meaningful Goals
Qualitative
Prioritized
Focus on most critical ones

9. Identifying Input, Output, Unknowns
What is desired output or benefit?
What are inputs? people, equipment, money
What is unknown?