1. Phase 1 CVR wrap up
ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY OF THE HEART Nneoma Uzo
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2. EMBRYOLOGY
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3. Aortic Arch development

5. FETAL CIRCULATION

6. Fetal post-natal derivatives
Allantois --> Urachus Median unbilical ligament
Ductus arteriosus Ligamentum arteriosum
Ductus venosum Ligamentum venosum
Foramen ovale Fossa ovalis
Notochord Nucleus pulposus
Umbilical arteries Medial umbilical ligament
Umbilical vein Ligamentum teres hepatis

7. ANATOMY

8. THE HEART

9. The Pericardium Consists of three layers (outer to inner):
Fibrous Pericardium
Parietal layer of serous pericardium
Visceral layer of serous pericardium
NOTE: The pericardial cavity lies between parietal and visceral layers.

10. Pericardial Sinuses
Oblique pericardial sinus: posterior surface of the heart
Transverse pericardial sinus: found superiorly on the heart.

11. Heart Surfaces Anterior (or sternocostal): Right ventricle
Posterior (or base): Left atrium
Inferior (or diaphragmatic): Left and right ventricles
Right pulmonary: Right atrium
Left pulmonary: Left ventricle

12. Heart Borders Right border: Right atrium
Left border: Left ventricle (and some of the left atrium)
Inferior border: Left ventricle and right ventricle
Superior border: Right and left atrium and the great vessels

13. Chambers of the Heart Right Atrium: - Crista terminalis - Fossa ovalis
The SAN
Musculi Pectinati
Tricuspid valve
- Coronary Sinus: opens into right atrium between IVC and right atrioventricular orifice

14. Chambers of the Heart Left Atrium Smooth interior
Trabeculated auricular appendage
Mitral valve: 2 cusps
NOTE: Fossa ovalis is not visible on this side

15. Chambers of the Heart Right ventricle Trabeculae carnae
Chordae Tendineae
Papillary muscle
Pulmonary valves (outflow of blood)

16. Chambers of the Heart Left ventricle Trabeculae carneae
2 Papillary muscles attached to the cusps of the mitral valve

17. The Valves Atrioventricular valves - Tricuspid (right) - Mitral (left)
Semilunar valves
- Aortic
- Pulmonary
NOTE: Valves prevent the backflow of blood.

18. Great vessels of the heart
Aorta: Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery (T12)
Pulmonary arteries: left and right pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins: 4 pulmonary veins
Superior Vena Cava: formed by the merging of the brachiocephalic veins
Inferior Vena Cava: initially formed by the common iliac veins (T8)

19. CORONARY ARTERY ANATOMY

20. The right coronary artery (RCA): Posterior Descending artery, right (acute) marginal artery
The Left main coronary artery (LCA): Left circumflex coronary artery, left anterior descending artery, left (obtuse) marginal artery

22. NOTE:
SA and AV nodes are usually supplied by RCA

23. REMEMBER… Right-dominant circulation (90%) = PDA arises from RCA
Left-dominant circulation (30%) = PDA arises from LCX
Codominant circulation (20%) = PDA arises from both LCX and RCA

24. QUESTIONS?
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