1. November 2017
Journal: Explain the process of sliding filament theory.

2. Exercise Effect on Muscles

3. Exercise Any type of activity that involves using your muscles
Causes muscle hypertrophy
When muscles grow in size

4. Exercise Requires Energy
The food you eat is broken down and stored by your body
This stored energy can then be used later to make ATP

5. Muscular Fuel Glucose Glycogen Adipose Tissue Simple sugar
Main source of energy
Glycogen
Stored in the muscles
Converted into glucose when needed
Adipose Tissue
Stored in muscles that are used often Ex: legs

6. Types of Exercise
Strength training – contracts muscles against heavy resistance Ex: weight lifting
Increases myofilaments in muscle fiber
Aerobic training– increases ability to sustain exercise over long periods of time Ex: running, biking, swimming
Increases number of blood vessels to muscles and increases the number of mitochondria

7. Satellite Cell Theory of Hypertrophy
Intense exercise causes damage to the muscle fibers
Damage activates satellite cells to reproduce and differentiate
Replace the damaged fibers
Fuse to muscle fibers and form new myofibrils
This causes the myofibrils to increase in thickness and in number which will result in overall muscle growth

8. Growth Hormone
Strength training stimulates the release of growth hormone
Growth hormone than stimulates fat to be broken down and used as energy for muscle cells
Also stimulates protein production in skeletal muscle

9. Testosterone Stimulates growth hormone to be released
When released naturally or used as a steroid it enhances protein production in skeletal muscle

10. Three Phases of Energy Consumption for Exercise
Phosphagen System
Glycogen-Lactic Acid System
Aerobic Respiration

11. Phosphagen System Occurs immediately when you begin exercise
Muscle cells separate creatine phosphate
Use the phosphate to convert ADP to ATP
Only lasts for about ten seconds

12. Phosphagen System Occurs immediately when you begin exercise
Muscle cells separate creatine phosphate
Use the phosphate to convert ADP to ATP
Only lasts for about ten seconds

13. Aerobic Respiration Glucose is broken down to form ATP Requires oxygen
Allows for prolonged exercise

14. How do your muscles get the oxygen they need?
Increased breath rate
Increased blood flow to working muscles
Diversion of blood flow away from nonessential organs
Increased cardiac output

15. Are all muscles red? Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers Endurance muscles
Small in diameter
Lots of myoglobin = red
Aerobic respiration
Fast Twitch Muscle Fibers
Fatigue rapidly
Large in diameter
Little to no myoglobin – not red
Anaerobic respiration

16. Muscle Fatigue
Occurs when muscle cells stimulated repeatedly without rest
Decreases strength of muscle contraction
Muscles run out of ATP and it requires a lot of oxygen and nutrients to make more

17. Disuse Muscle Atrophy
During inactivity, muscles shrink in mass