1. GFS and Global Models

2. Global Forecast System (GFS) Model
Previous called the Aviation (AVN) and Medium Range Forecast (MRF) models.
Spectral global model and 64 levels
Relatively primitive microphysics.
Sophisticated surface physics and radiation
Run four times a day to 384 hr (16 days!).
Major increase in skill during past decades derived from using direct satellite radiance in the 3DVAR analysis scheme and other satellite assets.
T574 (~27 km) over the first 192 hours (8 days) of the model forecast and T190 (70 km) for 180 through 384 hours--major implications for resolution change!

3. GFS
Vertical coordinates are hybrid sigma/pressure… sigma at low levels to pressure aloft.

4. Vertical coordinate comparison across North America

5. GFS Data Assimilation (GDAS)
Has a later data cut-off time than the mesoscale models…and thus can get a higher percentage of data.
Uses much more satellite assets..thus improve global analysis and forecasts.
Major gains in southern hemisphere
Hybrid Data assimilation based on 3DVAR (they call it GSI) and GFE ensemble (next slide)
Every 6 hr.

6. GFS Hybrid Data Assimilation

7. GFS is not the only global model and is not even the best

14. Next Generation Global Models Under Development!
Will use different geometries

15. MPAS: Hexagonal Shapes

17. NOAA FIM Model