1. Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 1
Jaakko Kiviluoma & Jaakko Rauhala
PHYS-E6572 Advanced Wind Power Technology

2. Study area

3. Renewable penetration, % of yearly load
PreSelected
Real situation in the end of 2008
10 %
10 % wind, 1 % solar
20 %
20 % wind, 3 % in footprint; 10+1 outside
30 %
30+5 in footprint; 20+3 outside

4. Study scenarios In-Area, IA Mega-Project, MP Local-Priority, LP
Renewable penetration achieved independently in each state
Mega-Project, MP
Renewables produced in the best sites inside footprint area
Local-Priority, LP
10 % capital cost advantage to in-state renewable production
Considered most probable

5. Study Objectives & Methods
To investigate how the power system can handle increased renewable penetration
Asses available methods to improve the use of wind and solar production
Point out critical improvements needed
Load increase is considered to be covered with new traditional production
Renewables and new transmission added as extra
Fixed prices for investments, fuel price and CO2-emissions
Intra-state transmission ignored

6. Study Data Data for years 2004, 2005 and 2006
Different wind data for forecast and actual wind
Solar data only for large areas and hourly resolution
Only distributed PV and CSP considered
Every third day of wind data eliminated from hourly and 10-minute analysis
Lack of existing big PV plants and small scale solar data

7. Energy value, capacity value and geographic diversion
Site selection
Energy value, capacity value and geographic diversion

8. Market structure Situation during study: Study assumption:
Bilateral production contracts and 37 individual balancing areas
Study assumption:
14 transmission areas and 5 balancing areas
Committed units selected on economical basis

9. Study results

10. Production displacement
Coal and gas price, CO2-price

11. Demand Side Management
Power system balance
Demand Side Management

13. Traditional unit commitment

15. Sensitivity analysis Different scenarios Fuel price
Coal plant operational specifications
Assumed minimum production at 40 % of nameplate
New transmission
Feasible only in MP 30 %
New traditional generation
Hydro

19. Sub-hourly Scheduling
Available spinning reserves not enough with 30 % scenarios
Feasible to operate CC, GT and Hydro plants on sub-hourly basis also
DSM the most efficient method
Intra-day markets not considered

20. Conclusions Study showed that 30 % scenarios are technically possible
Require huge changes in current practices
Benefits of renewable production undeniable
Statistical analysis underestimated operational requirements
The system can´t handle under-forecasting of wind
If operational requirements are not fulfilled, the power grid might go offline

21. Discussion