1. Lydia Ruiz and Brianna Prashad
Cloning of Mammals
Lydia Ruiz and Brianna Prashad

2. What is Cloning?
Cloning – the process of making exact, genetic copies of an original, biological unit (DNA sequence, cell, or organism

3. Steps of Animal Cloning
Removal of mature somatic cell from donor
Cell’s donor DNA is added to an egg cell without its DNA (nucleus)
Egg cell can receive somatic cell’s DNA or fuse together with the somatic donor cell to make an embryo
Embryo implanted to womb of surrogate mother
Baby is genetically identical to mammary cell donor (clone)

4. Cloning Process for Mammals

5. History of Cloning James Watson and Francis Crick Hans Spemann
double helix structure of DNA (1958)
Research of molecular heredity
Increase of studies in biotechnology
Hans Spemann
Somatic cell nuclear transfer in salamanders (1928)
Robert Briggs and Thomas King
First successful nuclear transfer in tadpoles (1952)

6. History of Cloning cont.
J. Derek Bromhall
First mammalian embryo (rabbit) from nuclear transfer (1975)
Steen Willadsen
First mammal (sheep) from nuclear transfer (1984)
Roslin Institute
Birth of Dolly (first mammal created from somatic cell nuclear transfer

7. Current Uses Cloning animal models for disease
Cloning to make stem cells
Reproducing decease animals/pets
Cloning livestock
Cloning endangered species
Drug production

8. Bioethics, Laws, and Society
Cloning can cause:
Pain
Distress
Severe cases (sometimes to death)
Clones can suffer from:
Tumors
Abnormal growth patterns
Cloning can result in:
High errors (multiple trials)
Ex: Dolly (277 attempts)
Human cloning laws

9. Pros and Cons of Cloning
Medical benefits
Drug Production
Biodiversity
Biomedical research
Treatment from human disease
“Against nature”
Possible defects
Possible death
Errors

10. Case Study UK owners clone dead dog
Two cloned puppies by Sooam Biotech Research Foundation (South Korea)
Sent their dog Dylan’s cells to be cloned
1st time that institute took dead dog cells and created two successful embryos from deceased animal
Process
Implanted dead dog DNA into dog egg without nucleus
Egg given electric shock to trigger cell division
Egg implanted into surrogate mother who gives birth

11. Bibliography http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Cloning

12. Bibliography https://www.genome.gov/25020028