1. Chapter 8: Criminal Justice Intro to Security, Instructor Name
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION AND ADMINISTRATION
Intro to Security, Instructor Name
Date, Semester

2. Introduction
After selecting an action plan, an individual, group, or organization proceeds with the planned program’s implementation, administration, and evaluation.

3. The Administrative Process
The administrative process involves two or more people working collaboratively to accomplish a predetermined vision.
Simultaneously involves planning, organizing, staffing, training, equipping, leading, and evaluating people and processes

4. Public Versus Private Administration
Characteristics of public and private administration differ.
In some areas, the distinction between public and private organizations is blurred.
However, public administration is typically financed through tax revenues, private through business profits.

5. Principles of Organization and Management
Step 1: Establish an Organizational Structure
First major step to plan implementation: organize
Depends on complexity within an organization
Horizontal differentiation is usually based on activity
Vertical differentiation is based on levels of authority

6. Establish an Organizational Structure
Organizations also differentiate by line, staff, function, or project orientations.
Fluid and dynamic process of administration is addressed through management.
The realities of modern administrative practice are not simple or clear-cut.

7. Principles of Organization and Management (cont.)
Four common elements exist in all administrative processes:
Planning (Discussed in Chapter 7)
Implementation
Ethical leadership
Evaluation

8. Principles of Organization and Management (cont.)
Step 2: Attend to Ethical Leadership
Ethical leadership is everyone’s responsibility.
Ethical leadership is not simply what one does; it relates to who a person is.
Ethical leaders motivate, do not control others.

9. Attend to Ethical Leadership
According to Hague (2011), public and private organizations must adopt a new set of ideals:
Renewal: Use resources sustainably to maximize efficiencies.
Democracy: Allocate resources democratically to foster organizational agility.
Peace: Practice economic non-violence in business.
Equity: Create industries that make the least well off better off.
Meaning: Generate payoffs that tangibly improve quality of life.

10. Principles of Organization and Management (cont.)
Step 3: Staff the Organization
Workforce planning
How many people are needed?
What should they know or be able to do?
How trained?
Job task (occupational) analysis
Job description – general
Job specifications – specific duties, skills, qualifications

11. Staff the Organization
Scheduling
Training and education
Training: job skills
Education: general knowledge
Teaching and learning strategies
Adult learning concepts

12. Staff the Organization (cont.)
Educational Program Development
Develop real-world job skills
Basic skills: reading, writing, computation, listening, speaking
Promote:
Critical thinking
Problem solving
Flexibility
Teamwork
Leadership
Communication

13. Staff the Organization (cont.)
The development of a performance-based education or training program begins with a job/task (occupational) analysis.
An instructional goal is the learning outcome expected.
An instructional objective describes the skills that demonstrate competence.

14. Principles of Organization and Management (cont.)
Step 4: Acquire and Maintain Equipment, Facilities, and Supplies
Equipment – items with a life expectancy of more than one year
Facilities – real property (land and buildings)
Supplies – general items with a life expectancy of less than one year

15. Principles of Organization and Management (cont.)
Step 5: Establish Policies and Procedures
Policies – statements on issues
Procedures – specify operational protocol
Contract services – contract vendors may be appropriate for some activities and services

16. Principles of Organization and Management (cont.)
Step 6: Evaluation (Assess) Performance
Performance measurements
Evaluation and control process is exercised continuously throughout the life of the operation.
Evaluation has both predictive and after-the-fact aspects.
Crime prevention is an example of predictive evaluation.
A determination of the cause of a theft is an example of after- the-fact evaluation.

17. Evaluation (Assess) Performance
Tangible standards are expressed in terms of numbers, dollars, physical properties, and time.
Intangible standards measure desirable attitude, morale, ethics, cooperation, and the organization’s reputation.

18. Evaluation (Assess) Performance (cont.)
Monetary return on investment (ROI)
Value-added contribution (VAC)
Measure performance through:
Personal observation
Reports
Automatic recording systems
Inspections
Tests
Surveys

19. Evaluation (Assess) Performance (cont.)
The use of metrics
Quality assurance
Total quality management (TQM) initiatives
Quality assurance initiatives involve continual improvement of the quality of organization’s people, processes, products and environment.
Product and process quality improvement
Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award criteria provide performance excellence guidelines.