1. Perceptual Constancies
Sensation
Vision
The Eye
Theories
Hearing
The Ear
Other Senses
Smell
Taste
Pain
Gestalt Principles
Perceptual Constancies
Perception
Basic Principles
Visual Illusions
Depth Perception
We are here

2. Essential Task 4-2: Vision - relevant anatomical structures
Path light travels (cornea, pupil, iris, lens, and retina)
optic nerve, blind spot and fovea
Transduction (rods and cones)
Color Vision
The trichromatic theory of color vision
Color Blindness
Opponent process theory of color vision
After-Image Effect

3. Vision
Our most dominating sense.
Visual Capture

4. Phase One: Gathering Light
The height of a wave gives us it’s intensity (brightness).
The length of the wave gives us it’s hue (color).
ROY G BIV
The longer the wave the more red.
The shorter the wavelength the more violet.

5. Phase Two: Getting the light in the eye

7. Rods and Cones

9. Phase Three: Transduction

10. Transduction Continued
Order is Rods/Cones to Bipolar to Ganglion to Optic Nerve.
Sends info to thalamus
Then sent to cerebral cortexes.

11. Phase Four: In the Brain
Goes to the Visual Cortex located in the Occipital Lobe of the Cerebral Cortex.
Feature Detectors.
Parallel Processing
We have specific cells that see the lines, motion, curves and other features of this turkey. These cells are called feature detectors.

12. Parallel Processing
Multitasking ability that lets our brain handle many aspects simultaneously.
In vision, we work separately and simultaneously on color, movement, depth and form.

13. Color Vision
Two Major Theories

14. Trichromatic Theory Three types of cones: Red Blue Green
These three types of cones can make millions of combinations of colors.
Does not explain color blindness well.

15. With light, the more colors you mix, the more wavelengths of light will be reflected. All light colors together = white.
With paint, the more colors you mix, the fewer wavelengths of light will be reflected. All paint colors together = black.

16. Opponent-Process theory
Further up in the optic nerve, neurons work in pairs to help process color vision signals
Red/Green
Yellow/Blue
Black/White
If one color is stimulated, the other is inhibited.

19. Color Blindness Dichromatic Problems with reds and greens
Dichromatic Problems with Blues and Greens

20. Color Blindness Tests

21. Color Constancy: perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. our perception of color depends on context

22. Neuroscience of ghosts!