1. 1 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Locator/ID Separation Protocol Overview Roque Gagliano SWINOG – November 2011

2. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2 LISP Overview LISP Core Use Cases LISP Developments LISP Summary LISP References

3. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 IP addressing overloads location and identity – leading to Internet scaling issues Why current IP semantics cause scaling issues? Overloaded IP address semantic makes efficient routing impossible Today, addressing follows topology, which limits route aggregation compactness IPv6 does not fix this Why are route scaling issues bad? Routers require expensive memory to hold Internet Routing Table in forwarding plane Its expensive for network builders/operators Replacing equipment for the wrong reason (to hold the routing table); replacement should be to implement new features … routing scalability is the most important problem facing the Internet today and must be solved … Internet Architecture Board (IAB) October 2006 Workshop (written as RFC 4984) … routing scalability is the most important problem facing the Internet today and must be solved … Internet Architecture Board (IAB) October 2006 Workshop (written as RFC 4984)

4. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 4 Todays Internet Behavior Locator/ID overload LISP Behavior Locator/ID split In this model, everything goes in theDefault Free Zone (DFZ) In this model, only RLOCs go in the DFZ; EIDs go in the LISP Mapping System! Internet DFZ Map System LISP Mapping System

5. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 5 LISP creates a Level of indirection with two namespaces: EID and RLOC EID (Endpoint Identifier) is the IP address of a host – just as it is today RLOC (Routing Locator) is the IP address of the LISP router for the host EID-to-RLOC mapping is the distributed architecture that maps EIDs to RLOCs Network-based solution No host changes Minimal configuration Incrementally deployable Support for mobility Address Family agnostic Network-based solution No host changes Minimal configuration Incrementally deployable Support for mobility Address Family agnostic

6. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6 IP encapsulation scheme Decouples host IDENTITY and LOCATION Dynamic IDENTITY-to-LOCATION mapping resolution Address Family agnostic day-one Minimal Deployment Impact No changes to end systems or core Minimal changes to edge devices Incrementally deployable LISP/LISP and non-LISP/LISP considered day-one v4 RLOC v4 EID v6 RLOC v4 EID v4 RLOC v6 EID v6 RLOC v6 EID

7. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 7 LISP Map Lookup is analogous to a DNS lookup DNS resolves IP addresses for URLs LISP resolves locators for queried identities DNS URL Resolution LISP Identity-to-location Map Resolution host [ who is lisp.cisco.com] ? LISP router DNS Server LISP Mapping System [153.16.5.29, 2610:D0:110C:1::3 ] [ where is 2610:D0:110C:1::3] ? [ location is 128.107.81.169 ]

8. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 8 IPv4 Outer Header: Router supplies RLOCs IPv4 Inner Header: Host supplies EIDs LISP Header: UDP:

9. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 9 Internet S LISP router D x.y.z.1 a.b.c.1 LISP router r.s.t.7 e.f.g.9 LISP

10. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 10 Messages: - Map-Request: An ITR requesting RLOC for an EID - Map-Reply: Response to a Map-Request - Map-Register: An ETR registration of EID/RLOCs to Map-Server - Map-Notify: Confirmation from Map-Server to ETR that registration was successful. Advance Features (no time to go into details): - Traffic engineering using Priority and Weight - LISP Multicast - Dynamic RLOC configuration - RLOC Reach-ability Algorithms - Negative-Map-Replies - Solicited-Map-Request

11. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 11 Cisco-operated ~ 4 years operational > 130+ sites, 25 countries Nine implementations Deployed today… Cisco: IOS, IOS-XE, NX-OS FreeBSD: OpenLISP Linux/OpenWrt Android (Gingerbread) Two other router vendor http://www.lisp4.net http://lisp.cisco.com http://www.lisp6.facebook.com http://www6.eudora.com http://myvpn6.qualcomm.com http://www.lisp.intouch.eu/ http:/lisp.isarnet.net/ and more…

12. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 12 1.Efficient Multi-Homing 2.IPv6 Transition Support 3.Efficient Virtualization/Multi-Tenancy 4.Data Center/VM Mobility 5.LISP Mobile-Node

13. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 13 Needs: Site connectivity to multiple providers Low OpEx/CapEx LISP Solution: LISP provides a streamlined solution for handling multi-provider connectivity and policy without BGP complexity Benefits: OpEx-friendly multi-homing across different providers Simple Policy Management Ingress Traffic Engineering Egress Traffic Engineering LISP routers LISP Site Internet Applicability: Branch sites where multihoming is typically too expensive Useful in all other LISP Use Cases

14. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 14 Needs: Rapid IPv6 Deployment Minimal Infrastructure disruption LISP Solution: LISP encapsulation is Address Family agnostic IPv6 interconnected over IPv4 core IPv4 interconnected over IPv6 core Benefits: Accelerated IPv6 adoption Minimal added configurations No core network changes Can be used as a transitional or permanent solution IPv4 Internet IPv6 Internet v6 v4 PxTR IPv4 Core v6 xTR v6 service IPv4 Internet IPv4 Enterprise Core v6 v4 v6 v6 island IPv4 Enterprise Core v6 xTR v6 island xTR IPv6 Internet IPv4 access & Internet PxTR v6 v6 home Network. xTR PxTR v6. v6 site v6 v4 Connecting IPv6 Islands IPv6 Services Support IPv6 Access Support

15. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 15 Needs: Integrated Segmentation Minimal Infrastructure disruption Global scale and interoperability LISP Solution: 24-bit LISP instance-ID segments control plane and data plane mappings VRF mappings to instance-id Benefits: Very high scale tenant segmentation Global mobility + high scale segmentation integrated in single IP solution IP based solution, transport independent No Inter-AS complexity Overlay solution transparent to the core Applicability: Multi-provider Core Encryption can be added IP Network West DC LISP Site Legacy Site East DC PxTR Mapping DB

16. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 16 Applicability: VM OS agnostic Services Creation (disaster recovery, cloud burst, etc.) Needs: VM-Mobility across subnets Move detection, dynamic EID-to- RLOC mappings, traffic redirection LISP Solution: OTV + LISP to extend subnets LISP for VM-moves across subnets Benefits: Integrated Mobility Direct Path (no triangulation) Connections maintained across moves No routing re-convergence No DNS updates required Global Scalability (cloud bursting) IPv4/IPv6 Support ARP elimination Data Center 1 Data Center 2 a.b.c.1 VM a.b.c.1 VM VM move LISP routers LISP routers Internet

17. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 17 Applicability: IPv4 and IPv6 Android and Linux Open Needs: Mobile devices roaming across any access media without connection reset Mobile device keeps the same IP address forever LISP Solution: LISP level or indirection separates endpoints and locators Network-based; no host changes, minimal network changes Scalable, host-level registration (10 10 ) Benefits: MNs can roam and stay connected MNs can be servers MNs roam without DNS changes MNs use multiple interfaces Packets have stretch-1 reducing latency Static EID: 2610:00d0:xxxx::1/128 Dynamic RLOC dino.cisco.com Any 3G/4G Network Any WiFi Network Dynamic RLOC

18. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 18 IETF LISP WG: http://tools.ietf.org/wg/lisp/ LISP IETF Standardization IETF LISP Working Group progressing standards now in last call LISP Beta Network: LISP Implementations at Cisco IOS since Dec 09… ISR, ISRG2, 7200 IOS-XE since Mar 10…. ASR1K NX-OS since Dec 09… N7K, UCS C200 Coming… Cat6K, IOS XR for CRS-3, ASR9K, and others… Other LISP Implementations OpenWrt (Cisco posting shortly…) FreeBSD/OpenLISP (several open source implementations) Android for LISP-MN Furukawa Network Solution Corporation LISP Code: http://lisp.cisco.com LISP Beta Network: http://lisp4.net & http://lisp6.net LISPMob: http://lispmob.org

19. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 19 Enables IP Number Portability With session survivability Never change host IP addresses No renumbering costs No DNS name -> EID binding change Uses pull vs. push routing OSPF and BGP are push models; routing stored in the forwarding plane LISP is a pull model; Analogous to DNS; massively scalable An over-the-top technology Address Family agnostic Incrementally deployable No changes in end systems Creates a Level of Indirection Separates End-Host and Site addresses Deployment simplicity No host changes Minimal CPE changes Some new core infrastructure components Enables other interesting features Simplified multi-homing with Ingress traffic engineering – without the need for BGP End-host mobility without renumbering Address Family agnostic support An Open Standard No Cisco Intellectual Property Rights

20. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 20 LISP Information IETF LISP WG http://tools.ietf.org/wg/lisp/ LISP Beta Network http://www.lisp4.net http://www.lisp6.net LISP Mobile Node: http://lispmob.org Cisco LISP Site http://lisp.cisco.com Cisco LISP Marketing (EXTERNAL) http://www.cisco.com/go/lisp Mailing Lists IETF LISP WG lisp@ietf.org LISP Interest lisp-interest@puck.nether.net Cisco LISP Questions lisp-support@cisco.com

22. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 22 Applicability: Low CapEx, Quick, IPv6 Web Presence Useful in all other LISP Use Cases (Multi-homing, VM-mobility, Virtualization…) http://honeysuckle.noc.ucla.edu/cgi-bin/smokeping.cgi?target=LISP Cisco lisp.cisco.com (AAAA: 2610:d0:110c:1::3, ::4) Facebook www.lisp6.facebook.com (AAAA: 2610:D0:FACE::9) Qualcomm www.ipv6.eudora.com (AAAA: 2610:d0:120d::10) Deutsche Bank www.ipv6-db.com (AAAA: 2610:d0:2113:3::3) Isarnet lisp.isarnet.net (AAAA: 2610:d0:211f:fffe::101) InTouch www.lisp.intouch.eu (AAAA: 2610:d0:210f:100::101) Cisco lisp.cisco.com (AAAA: 2610:d0:110c:1::3, ::4) Facebook www.lisp6.facebook.com (AAAA: 2610:D0:FACE::9) Qualcomm www.ipv6.eudora.com (AAAA: 2610:d0:120d::10) Deutsche Bank www.ipv6-db.com (AAAA: 2610:d0:2113:3::3) Isarnet lisp.isarnet.net (AAAA: 2610:d0:211f:fffe::101) InTouch www.lisp.intouch.eu (AAAA: 2610:d0:210f:100::101) World IPv6 Day Sites using LISP World IPv6 Day Sites Statistics (and current) http://nanog.org/meetings/nanog50/presentations/Tuesday/NANOG50.Ta lk9.lee_nanog50_atlanta_oct2010_007_publish.pdf Facebook IPv6 Experience with LISP