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-what are the interactions between the level of biological community.

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Presentation on theme: "-what are the interactions between the level of biological community."— Presentation transcript:

1 -what are the interactions between the level of biological community.

2 Biological interactions
are the effects that the organisms in a community have on one another. In the natural world no organism exists in absolute isolation, and thus every organism must interact with the environment and other organisms. An organism's interactions with its environment are fundamental to the survival of that organism and the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole.

3 In Ecology, biological interactions can involve individuals of the same species (intraspecific interactions) or individuals of different species (interspecific interactions). These can be further classified by either the mechanism of the interaction or the strength, duration and direction of their effects.

4 Interactions categorized by effect
Terms that explicitly indicate the quality of benefit or harm in terms of fitness experienced by participants in an interaction. There are six possible combinations, ranging from mutually beneficial through neutral to mutually harmful interactions. The level of benefit or harm is continuous and not discrete, so a particular interaction may have a range from trivially harmful through to deadly, for example. It is important to note that these interactions are not always static. In many cases, two species will interact differently under different conditions. This is particularly true in, but not limited to, cases where species have multiple, drastically different life stages.

5 Competition Competition is a mutually detrimental interaction between individuals, populations or species, but rarely between clades.

6 Amensalism Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by itself

7 This is not a bee, but a syrphid fly, a Batesian mimic.


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