1. American Foreign Policy Overview
Chapter 17 Section 3
American Foreign Policy Overview

2. Monroe Doctrine
James Monroe worried about European involvement in Latin America
Revolutions in Latin America
Spain and Portugal losing control in Latin Am.
Other European countries may help
Monroe says an attack on Latin American countries will be viewed as a security threat to the U.S.

3. Continental Expansion
Jefferson- Louisiana Purchase 1803
Florida purchased in 1819
Texas 1845
Oregon 1846
Defeat Mexico 1848 to take S.W.
Gadsen Purchase 1853
Alaska 1867 “Sewards Folley”
Back Mexico to defeat French

4. A World Power Won the Spanish American war in 1898
Philippines, Guam in Pacific
Puerto Rico in U.S. control. Cuba independent but under U.S. protection
Hawaii annexed in 1898

5. Good Neighbor Policy Instability in Latin America
Roosevelt Corollary- Policing Latin America
Marines sent in to quell unrest
Nicaragua, Haiti, Cuba
1903 Panama gains independence from Colombia
U.S. builds canal

6. Good Neighbor Policy
1917- Purchase Virgin Islands from Denmark to help guard the canal
All these things led to resentment by these countries
“Yankee imperialism”, “dollar diplomacy”

7. Good Neighbor Policy
1930- FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy replaces Roosevelt Corollary to win over South American countries
Monroe Doctrine is still a vital part of our foreign policy
Warning against foreign encroachment

8. The Open Door in China Commodore Matthew Perry gains access to Japan
Britain, France, German and Japan want the coast of China
John Hay – Open door policy
Everyone has access to China
China stays a sovereign nation

9. The Open Door in China Others accepted but reluctant
Japanese relations fell
U.S./Chinese relations were good until after WWII
Refused diplomatic recognition
1970s Nixon re-establishes relationship

10. WWI and the Return to Isolationism
WWI pulled us out of isolation
German U-boats
League of Nations
Created by Woodrow Wilson
Senate did not approve
Stay out of European affairs

11. WWII Rise of Hitler, Mussolini, and militarists in Japan Pearl Harbor
“Arsenal of democracy” under FDR
Most of the supplies came from the U.S.

12. 2 New Principles Collective Security Deterrence
Create a world community to protect against a threatening nation
United Nations 1945
U.S. and Soviet Union emerge
U.S. foreign policy largely shaped by Cold War
Strength will discourage attack
U.S. and its allies stay strong
Have a strong military/weapons so we don’t have to use it

13. Resisting Soviet Aggressions
Cold War – time of military build up, threats and maneuvering
Stalin, Churchill and FDR agree to democratic governments by elections
Stalin institutes communism in eastern countries
Attempt to take oil fields in middle east and gain access to the sea

14. Truman Doctrine Turkey and Greece being pressured by Soviets
Truman calls for economic and military aid
U.S. will support free peoples who are resisting outside threats and armed minorities
Containment
Don’t allow communism to spread and it will die out under its own weakness

15. Berlin Blockade
Soviets try to push France, Britain and U.S. out of West Berlin
Form a blockade
Supplies are airlifting in until blockade is lifted

16. Cuban Missile Crisis Fidel Castro takes over in 1959
Creates relationship with Soviets
U.S. captures photographs of missiles in Cuba
Creates blockade
Soviets back down

17. Korean War Communist N. Korea attacks S. Korea
Call for U.N. to back S. Korea
U.N. (U.S. and S. Korea) vs N. Korea and Soviets
Still no peace terms today

18. Vietnam Nationalists seeking independence from France
Get aid from communists
N. Vietnam (Viet-Cong) communists, S. Vietnam democratic (supported by U.S.)
Eisenhower sends military and economic aid
JFK sends more troops
Johnson makes full war

19. Vietnam Nixon pulls troops out
N. Vietnam eventually overruns S. Vietnam
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Many question our political system

20. Détente and the Return to Containment
Détente- Period of relaxation of tensions
Nixon tries to improve relations with Soviets and China
Successful with China
Soviets continue to support revolutions
Attack Afghanistan in 1979
Carter and Reagan return to Containment

21. End of the Cold War Reagan and Gorbachev work to end the war
INF Treaty 1987 – Large scale disarmament
Later, commitment to eliminate portions of long range missiles and chemical weapons
Soviet Union collapses in 1991 due to economic and political chaos

22. Persian Gulf War Saddam Hussein attacks Kuwait
Threat to Saudi Arabia (U.S. ally)
Troops sent to Gulf region
Backed by a UN military force
Sadam forced out within a month
Continues to try throughout the 90’s