1. 8-4 Transforming Quadratic Functions Warm Up Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
Holt Algebra 1

2. Objective
Graph and transform quadratic functions.

3. You saw in Lesson 5-10 that the graphs of all linear functions are transformations of the linear parent function y = x.
Remember!

4. The quadratic parent function is f(x) = x2
The quadratic parent function is f(x) = x2. The graph of all other quadratic functions are transformations of the graph of f(x) = x2.
For the parent function f(x) = x2:
The axis of symmetry is x = 0, or the y-axis.
The vertex is (0, 0)
The function has only one zero, 0.

6. The value of a in a quadratic function determines not only the direction a parabola opens, but also the width of the parabola.

7. Example 1A: Comparing Widths of Parabolas
Order the functions from narrowest graph to widest.
f(x) = 3x2, g(x) = 0.5x2
Step 1 Find |a| for each function.
|3| = 3
|0.05| = 0.05
Step 2 Order the functions.
f(x) = 3x2
g(x) = 0.5x2
The function with the narrowest graph has the greatest |a|.

8. Example 1B: Comparing Widths of Parabolas
Order the functions from narrowest graph to widest.
f(x) = x2, g(x) = x2, h(x) = –2x2
Step 1 Find |a| for each function.
|1| = 1
|–2| = 2
Step 2 Order the functions.
h(x) = –2x2
The function with the narrowest graph has the greatest |a|.
f(x) = x2
g(x) = x2

10. The value of c makes these graphs look different
The value of c makes these graphs look different. The value of c in a quadratic function determines not only the value of the y-intercept but also a vertical translation of the graph of f(x) = ax2 up or down the y-axis.

12. Example 2A: Comparing Graphs of Quadratic Functions
Compare the graph of the function with the graph of f(x) = x2.
g(x) = x2 + 3
Method 1 Compare the graphs.
The graph of
g(x) = x2 + 3
is wider than the graph of
f(x) = x2.
The graph of
g(x) = x2 + 3
opens downward and the graph of
f(x) = x2 opens upward.

13. Example 2A Continued
Compare the graph of the function with the graph of f(x) = x2
g(x) = x2 + 3
The vertex of
f(x) = x2 is (0, 0).
g(x) = x2 + 3
is translated 3 units up to (0, 3).
The axis of symmetry is the same.

14. Example 2B: Comparing Graphs of Quadratic Functions
Compare the graph of the function with the graph of f(x) = x2
g(x) = 3x2
Method 2 Use the functions.
Since |3| > |1|, the graph of g(x) = 3x2 is narrower than the graph of f(x) = x2.
Since for both functions, the axis of symmetry is the same.
The vertex of f(x) = x2 is (0, 0). The vertex of g(x) = 3x2 is also (0, 0).
Both graphs open upward.

15. Example 2B Continued
Compare the graph of the function with the graph of f(x) = x2
g(x) = 3x2
Check Use a graph to verify all comparisons.

16. Check It Out! Example 2a
Compare the graph of each the graph of f(x) = x2.
g(x) = –x2 – 4
Method 1 Compare the graphs.
The graph of g(x) = –x2 – 4
opens downward and the graph
of f(x) = x2 opens upward.
The axis of symmetry is the same.
The vertex of g(x) = –x2 – 4
f(x) = x2 is (0, 0).
is translated 4 units down to (0, –4).
The vertex of

17. Check It Out! Example 2b
Compare the graph of the function with the graph of f(x) = x2.
g(x) = 3x2 + 9
Method 2 Use the functions.
Since |3|>|1|, the graph of g(x) = 3x2 + 9 is narrower than the graph of f(x) = x2.
Since for both functions, the axis of symmetry is the same.
The vertex of f(x) = x2 is (0, 0). The vertex of
g(x) = 3x2 + 9 is translated 9 units up to (0, 9).
Both graphs open upward.

18. Check It Out! Example 2b Continued
Compare the graph of the function with the graph of f(x) = x2.
g(x) = 3x2 + 9
Check Use a graph to verify all comparisons.

19. Check It Out! Example 2c
Compare the graph of the function with the graph of f(x) = x2.
g(x) = x2 + 2
Method 1 Compare the graphs.
The graph of
g(x) = x2 + 2
is wider than the graph of
f(x) = x2.
The graph of
g(x) = x2 + 2
opens upward and the graph
of f(x) = x2 opens upward.

20. Check It Out! Example 2c Continued
Compare the graph of the function with the graph of f(x) = x2.
g(x) = x2 + 2
The vertex of
f(x) = x2 is (0, 0).
g(x) = x2 + 2
is translated 2 units up to (0, 2).
The axis of symmetry is the same.

21. The quadratic function h(t) = –16t2 + c can be used to approximate the height h in feet above the ground of a falling object t seconds after it is dropped from a height of c feet. This model is used only to approximate the height of falling objects because it does not account for air resistance, wind, and other real-world factors.

22. Example 3: Application
Two identical softballs are dropped. The first is dropped from a height of 400 feet and the second is dropped from a height of 324 feet.
a. Write the two height functions and compare their graphs.
Step 1 Write the height functions. The y-intercept c represents the original height.
h1(t) = –16t Dropped from 400 feet.
h2(t) = –16t Dropped from 324 feet.

23. Example 3 Continued
Step 2 Use a graphing calculator. Since time and height cannot be negative, set the window for nonnegative values.
The graph of h2 is a vertical translation of the graph of h1. Since the softball in h1 is dropped from 76 feet higher than the one in h2, the y-intercept of h1 is 76 units higher.

24. Example 3 Continued
b. Use the graphs to tell when each softball reaches the ground.
The zeros of each function are when the softballs reach the ground.
The softball dropped from 400 feet reaches the ground in 5 seconds. The ball dropped from 324 feet reaches the ground in 4.5 seconds
Check These answers seem reasonable because the softball dropped from a greater height should take longer to reach the ground.

25. Remember that the graphs shown here represent the height of the objects over time, not the paths of the objects.
Caution!

26. Check It Out! Example 3
Two tennis balls are dropped, one from a height of 16 feet and the other from a height of 100 feet.
a. Write the two height functions and compare their graphs.
Step 1 Write the height functions. The y-intercept c represents the original height.
h1(t) = –16t Dropped from 16 feet.
h2(t) = –16t Dropped from 100 feet.

27. Check It Out! Example 3 Continued
Step 2 Use a graphing calculator. Since time and height cannot be negative, set the window for nonnegative values.
The graph of h2 is a vertical translation of the graph of h1. Since the ball in h2 is dropped from 84 feet higher than the one in h1, the y-intercept of h2 is 84 units higher.