1. 1-2 Describing Matter

2. MATTER
anything that has mass and volume

3. VOLUME the space an object occupies meas. in diff. ways
graduated cylinder can be used to meas. liquid vol.
- read bottom of meniscus
Some solids – use length x width x height

4. MASS the quantity of matter in an object Does not vary w/ location
meas. using a balance – electronic or mechanical
usually meas. in grams or kilograms
diff. balances may give readings w/ diff. precision
- the more decimal places, the more precise

5. WEIGHT the force produced by gravity acting on a mass diff. from mass
meas. in newtons
can vary from place to place
meas. using a scale
Proportional to mass

6. QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIONS
describe matter using words
light
heavy
small
large
blue
hot

7. QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTIONS
describe matter using numbers with units
35 lbs.
15 grams
18 km
20 oC

8. QUANTITY
something that has magnitude or size

9. UNIT a standard used when measuring a quantity (label)
Measurements must contain both a quantity (number) and a unit.

10. SI system (formerly metric system) uses 7 basic quantities to meas
SI system (formerly metric system) uses 7 basic quantities to meas. everything (p. 74)
Learn first 5 quantities, symbols, units, and abbreviations.

11. Base units can be modified with prefixes to make them larger or smaller
Mass of dime meas. in grams
diameter meas. in cm or mm
thickness meas. in mm or m

12. Learn the table on p. 13 Add the following prefixes:
Mega – M – 106 – 1,000,000
1 megameter (Mm) = 1,000,000m
Giga - G ,000,000,000
1 gigameter (Gm) = 1,000,000,000 m

13. Learn the table on p. 75 Add the following prefixes:
micro – m – 10-6 – 1/1,000,000
1 micrometer (mm) = m
nano – n – 10-9 – 1/1,000,000,000
1 nanometer (nm) = m

14. CONVERSION FACTOR mathematical expression that relates two units
used to convert metric units

15. Easiest method
always put a 1 w/ the largest unit. The other unit will always be some positive power of 10

16. Examples: Convert the following
15 kg = g
7.75 m = km
48.7 mg = hg

17. DERIVED UNITS units created from combinations of the seven base units.
volume = length x width x height
dm x dm x dm = dm3
1 dm3 = 1 liter = ml = cm3
liter and ml are most common units for volume
newton = kg x m/s2
energy (kinetic) = 1/2 x mass x velocity2 = kg x m2/s2

18. DENSITY the ratio of mass to volume D = m/v
On a graph of mass vs. vol. The graph is a straight line
-slope is the density
density for any substance is constant and can be used to identify substs.

19. PHYSICAL PROPERTY
any property of matter that can be measured without changing its chemical nature
color
mass
volume
density
boiling point

20. PHYSICAL CHANGE a change that affects only physical properties boiling
breaking
painting
freezing

21. CHEMICAL PROPERTY
a property of matter that can only be identified by trying to cause a chemical change
reacts w/ oxygen
reacts w/ water
does not react w/ water
decomposes