1. Salutogenic Theory (ST)
Introduction
Framework
Results
Conclusions
The death of a nurse’s patient can result in personal and professional effects.
There is limited nursing literature addressing how to assist a nurse after a patient death occurs.
Salutogenic Theory (ST)
Authors
Year
Purpose
Problem
Results
Spencer, L.
(1994)
To discover how ICU nurses handle grief resulting from a patient death.
62% stated that group meetings with a counselor would be the most helpful
Organizational support would be helpful.
Eng, J., Schulman, E., Jhanwar, S. M., & Shah, M. K.
(2015)
To evaluate the impact of “Patient Death Debriefing Sessions” (PDDS) in addressing resident’s emotions following a patient death.
Residents’ responses may improve with a higher number of debriefing sessions.
Keene, E. A., Hutton, N., Hall, B, & Rushton, C.
(2010)
To evaluate the current bereavement debriefing sessions for staff at Johns Hopkins Children’s Center.
Staff that participated in debriefing sessions scored up to 3.2/5 (p=0.003), and scored higher in their ability to maintain professional integrity.
Anderson, N. E., Kent, B., & Owens, R. G.
Evaluating the earliest memorable patient death experiences of registered nurses in New Zealand.
Sharing the experience with others was the most frequently occurring theme that benefited the nurse.
Limited studies on debriefing interventions exclusively for healthcare workers and nurses.
Debriefing is a researched intervention compared to the informal current approach of sharing the experience.
Future research:
1. Reliable & effective universal debriefing method for nurses.
2. Nurse run debriefing programs.
Purpose
A universal evidence based intervention to assist nurses through a patient death experience does not exist.
Debriefing is an intervention that has been used for healthcare workers.
This integrative literature review investigates if debriefing is more beneficial to nurses who experience patient death than other present approaches.
Figure 1. Screen shot of Salutogenic Processes. Mittelmark, M. B., Sagy, S., Eriksson, M., Bauer, G. F., Pelikan, J. M., Lindstrom, B., & Espnes, G. A. (2017). The handbook of salutogenesis [internet version]. Cham, CH: Springer. Retrieved from
Methods
Themes
Debriefing was helpful
To participants
Sharing the experience
An informal
Present Approach
Patient Death had
Personal and professional
effects
Keywords: “nursing”, “patient death”, “debriefing” and “grief”.
References
IDENTIFICATION
Records identified by database: 217
Additional records identified: 9
SCREENING
Records screened by author: 226
Records excluded by author: 212
ELIGIBILITY
Full-text sources identified by author: 14
INCLUDED
Full-text sources included: 4
Anderson, N. E., Kent, B., & Owens, R. G. (2015). Experiencing patient death in clinical practice: Nurses’ recollections of their earliest memorable patient death. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(3), doi: /j.ijnurstu
Eng. J., Schulman, E., Jhanwar, S. M., & Shah, M. K. (2015). Patient death debriefing sessions to support residents’ emotional reactions to patient deaths. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 7(3), doi: /JGME-D
Keene, E. A., Hutton, N., Hall, B., & Rushton, C. (2010). Bereavement debriefing sessions: An intervention to support health care professionals in managing their grief after the death of a patient. Pediatric Nursing, 36(4),
Mittelmark, M. B., Sagy, S., Eriksson, M., Bauer, G. F., Pelikan, J. M., Lindstrom, B., & Espnes, G. A. (2017). The handbook of salutogenesis [internet version]. Cham, CH: Springer. Retrieved from
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. International Journal of Surgery, 8(5), doi: /j.ijsu
Spencer, L. (1994). How do nurses deal with their own grief when a patient dies on an intensive care unit, and what help can be given to enable them to overcome their grief effectively? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(6),
Figure 2. Method diagram of literature review. Adapted from Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. International Journal of Surgery, 8(5), doi: /j.ijsu