1. 7 minutes

2. Allied Powers
France

3. France Charles De Gaulle
Led opposition against Germany after they took over France

4. Allied Powers
Great Britain

5. Great Britain Winston Churchill
Great orator and leader who kept British citizens from giving up
Churchill

6. Allied Powers
Soviet Union

7. Soviet Union (Russia) Joseph Stalin
Great Purge – killed all people who opposed his rule or spoke against Soviet Union
Stalin

8. Allied Powers
U.S.A

9. FDR and Harry Truman Vice President assumes role of
President. Sees the country through he last few months of war – makes decision on the atomic bomb
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Dies on April 12, 1945
FDR

10. Axis Powers
Italy

11. Italy
Benito Mussolini
Promised a new Roman Empire
Bully
Mussolini

12. Axis Powers
Japan

13. Japan Emperor Hirohito
Wanted full political and economic control of Pacific
Believed in militarism and military run society
Hirohito

14. Japan Prime Minister Hideki Tojo
Responsible for all military operations during the war
Tojo

15. Axis Powers
Nazi Germany

16. Germany Adolph Hitler Leader of Nazi political party
Blamed Jews for all of Germany’s economic problems
Since 1933, built up troops in Rhineland
Hitler

17. September 1, 1939
Germany invades Poland after being warned not to invade by France and Great Britain
Official start of World War II

18. Start of WW II in Europe
Polish city of Wieluń just after German bombing,1st of September 1939
In August 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact.
In September 1939 Germany invaded Poland
France and Britain (Poland’s allies) declared war on Germany.
The Nazis succeeded in a “blitzkrieg” of Poland and quickly continued to move west.

19. Early Battles of WW II German troops enter Paris June 14, 1940
Next, France fell to the Nazis in 1940.
Throughout , Germany attacked Britain with bombing raids, but the Royal Air Force withstood the attacks, and Hitler never invaded Britain.

20. U.S. “NEUTRALITY”
Many ISOLATIONISTS in the U.S. opposed getting involved in Europe because
WWI had caused financial debt
Many believed that the manufacturers only wanted war to profit economically
Death from WWI was still fresh in people’s memories

21. U.S. “NEUTRALITY”
The U.S. declared official neutrality, however, after Poland fell, Congress allowed “cash-and-carry”:
The U.S. would sell arms to the Allies if they paid in cash and carried the goods away on their own ships =

22. U.S. “NEUTRALITY”
After France fell, FDR transferred 50 WWI destroyers to Britain in return for the use of bases in Newfoundland and the Caribbean.
“Destroyers for bases”

23. U.S. “NEUTRALITY”
While Britain suffered from the Nazi air raids night and day in 1940, Congress passed the first peacetime draft in U.S. History
After FDR was re-elected to a third term, he urged Congress to provide more direct aid to the Allied nations.

24. U.S. “NEUTRALITY”
Congress passed the Lend Lease Act in 1941, which provided the Allies with weapons and supplies on credit.
FDR said it was like “lending a garden-hose to a next-door neighbor whose house was on fire.”

25. U.S. “NEUTRALITY”
To make sure the Allied countries received the supplies, the U.S. Navy protected American merchant ships, and eventually, merchant ships were armed.
By the fall of 1941, ships were instructed to “shoot on sight” any German submarine

26. Japanese aggression In 1937Japan invaded China and Manchuria WHY?
The U.S. placed an embargo on oil & steel to Japan.
RESOURCES!

27. Japanese aggression
Japan and the U.S. attempted to negotiate, but Japan refused to withdraw from China.
Japan attacked the naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941

28. Japanese aggression FDR signing the declaration of war with Japan
infamy
FDR said this was “a date that will live in infamy.”
The attack on Pearl Harbor caused the U.S. to declare war on Japan on December 8, 1941
Soon, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.
FDR signing the declaration of war with Japan

29. Government rationed some products.
U.S. preparation for war
Government rationed some products.

30. War bonds & income taxes funded the war.
U.S. preparation for war
War bonds & income taxes funded the war.

31. Factories made war-time products.
U.S. preparation for war
Factories made war-time products.

32. Selective service (draft) put more men in the army.
U.S. preparation for war
Selective service (draft) put more men
in the army.

33. Government censored the media.
Building Morale
Government censored the media.
Ad campaigns and patriotic movies and newsreels kept up public morale.
Newsreel

34. Minorities in WWII
Tuskeegee
African-Americans fought in segregated units, like the Tuskegee Airmen.

35. Japanese-Americans fought in segregated Nisei Regiments.
Minorities in WWII
Japanese-Americans fought in segregated Nisei Regiments.
Nisei

36. Mexican-Americans fought in integrated units.
Minorities in WWII
Mexican-Americans fought in integrated units.

37. Native American Navajo Code-Talkers tricked the Japanese.
Minorities in WWII
Code Talkers
Native American Navajo Code-Talkers tricked the Japanese.
HOW?
The Japanese could not figure out the messages because Navajo is a language, not a code.

38. Minorities had many casualties & won many medals.
African-Americans and
women moved to northern cities to work in factories.

39. Minorities in WWII
Rosie the Riveter

40. War Strategies--AXIS
In 1941,Germany turned against the U.S.S.R., who had been an ally before.
Germany hoped to use blitzkrieg (lightning war) to defeat the U.S.S.R. & Britain before the U.S. could get organized.

41. War Strategies--AXIS
Japan hoped to conquer so much land that the U.S. would be scared to fight.

42. War Strategies--ALLIES
“defeat Hitler first” before dealing with Japan
When the U.S. entered the war this was the deal FDR made with Churchill
Defeat him first!

43. War Strategies--ALLIES
In the Pacific, the U.S. went “island hopping,”
conquering one small island after another on the way to Japan.

44. First Major Allied Victory
In North Africa, the Germans wanted Middle Eastern oil and control of the Suez Canal.
The British defeated them at El Alamein in 1942.
El Alamein

45. Turning Points The Allies invaded Normandy on the French coast
D-Day, June 6, 1944.
Allies pushed west through France until they reached Germany in 1945.
Normandy
D-Day

46. Turning Points Stalingrad
Soviets defeated Germans at Stalingrad after a long siege July 17, 1942-January 31, 1943.
The Germans were forced to retreat west from the USSR, and they were being pushed east out of the Mediterranean at the same time by the Allies.
Stalingrad

47. Turning Points
Midway was the first U.S. defeat of Japan in the Pacific in 1942.
This battle started the “island-hopping” campaign.
Midway

48. Turning Points
The U.S. won bloody battles for Iwo Jima & Okinawa in 1945 as they approached the Japanese mainland.
Many Japanese pilots committed suicide by kamikaze attacks during these battles.
Okinawa
Iwo Jima

49. End of WWII Hitler shot himself, and Germany surrendered.
V-E Day: May 8, 1945

50. End of WWII
U.S. dropped two atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan on Aug. 6 and 9.
V-J Day: Aug. 15, 1945

51. Results of the War

52. Japanese Internment
Out of fear that Japanese in America were spies they were sent to camps.
In 1942 FDR issued Executive Order 9066 which ordered the internment of over 110,000 Japanese-Americans
Internment

53. Japanese Internment Many lost property & money and faced prejudice.
The Supreme Court upheld the internment in Korematsu v. U.S.
The U.S. has since apologized and provided compensation

54. The Geneva Convention set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns.

55. Bataan Death March killed many U. S
Bataan Death March killed many U.S. POWs in the Philippines as their Japanese captors moved them from one camp to another

56. Genocide: systematic killing of a particular group of people
Hitler’s Final Solution
Targeted Jews, Gypsies, Poles, Slavs, and “undesirables” (mentally ill, homosexuals, and political dissidents).
About12 million were killed.
Genocide: systematic killing of a particular group of people
Path to Genocide

57. Nuremberg Trials Nazi leaders were convicted of war crimes.
This increased the desire
for a Jewish homeland, Israel, which was
established in 1948.
Israel