1. Literary Terms

2. Figurative Language
When words are used to symbolize ideas and concepts beyond the literal meaning.

3. PART A: Analogy
A comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification

4. symbol
In Anthem:
Person, place, object, or activity that stands for something beyond itself.
In LOTF:
In The Book Thief:

5. Symbol - contd. Storm Troopers symbolize
The Mockingjay pin symbolizes hope.
Storm Troopers symbolize
turning a blind eye to injustice.
Snow White’s physical description:
In the beginning of the movie they mention her skin as white as snow (innocence), her lips as red as blood (life), and her hair as black as ebony (death). (This is also simile.)

6. Euphemism
A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing
If you are offered a career change or an early retirement opportunity, a career or employee transition, or you are being involuntarily separated, or if personnel is being realigned or there is a surplus reduction in personnel, or the staff is being re-engineered or right sized, or if there is a workforce imbalance correction then:
You’re fired!

7. simile
Comparison between two unlike things using the word “like” or “as.”

8. metaphor
Figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things that are basically unlike but have something in common

9. Hyperbole If I can't get a Smartphone, I will die.
I am so hungry I could eat a horse.
Figure of speech in which truth is exaggerated for emphasis or for humorous effect

10. Understatement
Technique used to create emphasis by saying less than is actually or literally true

11. Part B: imagery
Descriptive words and phrases that recreate sensory experience; it usually appeals to one or more of the five senses (taste, sight, smell, touch, sound).

12. personification
A figure of speech in which human qualities are given to an object, animal, or idea

13. ONOMATOPOEIA a word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing
EXAMPLE:
“He saw nothing and heard nothing but he could feel his heart pounding and then he heard the clack on stone and the leaping, dropping clicks of a small rock falling.”
- For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway

14. allusion
Indirect reference to a famous person, place, event, or literary work

15. motif
Any element, subject, idea or concept that is constantly present through the entire work. Using a motif refers to the repetition of a specific theme dominating the literary work.
Difference Between Motif and Theme
To see the difference, let us consider William Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth. One of the themes of the play is ambition, and its power to corrupt. We see Macbeth strive for power and kill people in his quest. One of the motifs, on the other hand, is water and the washing of hands. Lady Macbeth famously tries to wash the blood from her hands, crying, “Out, damned spot! Out, I say!” The inability of water to cleanse the sins of Macbeth and his wife show how irredeemable they are and to what extent they have lost their morals in pursuit of their ambitions.

16. inference
A logical assumption that is based on observed facts and one’s own knowledge and experience