1. The Transition from Prehistory to “Civilization”
In the Beginning
The Transition from Prehistory to “Civilization”

2. I. Hunters and gatherers

3. A. What were the early humans like?
tool _______
______ makers
Fire users (by 750,000 years ago)
High and low context ___________
______________
Highly developed _________
Spark of the divine?

4. B. What was the hunter-gatherer timeframe?
Modern ___________ may have appeared as early as _________ years ago
Hunter gatherer __________ occurred until 9000 BCE

5. C. What were the drawbacks to these early humans?
Aggression
Extended dependency period for babies
____________ health problems
Awareness of _________

6. II. Life before agriculture

7. A. Periodization-Paleolithic
2.5 _______ years to 14,000 years ago.
Simple _________
Use of fire latter half of ___________
Two distinct breeds of humans
Homo erectus
Homo Sapiens Sapiens

8. B. Developments of the Paleolithic
No __________ societies
Slow ___________ growth
Short working day
__________ between the sexes.
Creating _________ and ________ tools, not simply found objects
Artistic expression
__________ rituals
Eventual development of distinct ___________

9. C. Human Diaspora Origination in Africa; _______, Kenya, _______
Need for food led movement out _________ years ago
_______ by circa 600,000 years ago
________ by circa 250,000 years ago
________ by circa 60,000 years ago
Crossing ________ land bridge circa 30,000 years ago

11. D. Periodization-Mesolithic
________ stone age
12,000 to 8,000 BCE
Manipulating tools: sharpen stone
Utilized _______
Fishing increased due to log _____ and _______
Manufacture of _____ and ________
Specialization begins
Large animal ________________
Population ________ accelerated
Wars and _______ according to ______ record (broken bones)

12. III. The Agricultural revolution

13. A. Periodization- Neolithic
Better _______ use
More elaborate ______ structure
Population growth and movement
Invention of _________
Creation of _______

14. B. Causes of Agricultural Development
End of ice age
Climate caused _________ boom
________ yield declined
By 9000 BCE, regular harvest of grains and berries began
By 9000 BCE, humans started raising pigs ______, ______ and ______

15. C. Changes brought about by agricultural development
__________ could settle in one area
Elaborate _________ patterns emerged
Population boom (8 million to 100 million in 3000 years)
Economic _________ occurred
_________ and ________ development
Hunting and gathering replaced by a more ________ lifestyle
This “revolution” took over 1000 years.
Large animals and disease

16. D. Wealth led to specializations
Need for storage led to development of _______
Water needs lead to increased scientific understandings of _______ and ______ patterns
Need for tools led to _________ of metals

17. E. Periodization-Bronze age
4000 BCE metal tools were first discovered in the __________.
___________ was the first metal people worked.
Bronze soon replaced copper due to its _______.
Metal took over completely in the middle east by _________, though stone was still in use elsewhere.
The Bronze Age led into the ________, around _________. We still essentially rely on _____ today.